The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure<SUBTITLE>The JNC 7 Report</SUBTITLE>

Chobanian, Aram V.

doi:10.1001/jama.289.19.2560

Cited by 25,386Blood Pressure and Hypertension StudiesSodium Intake and HealthClinical practice guidelines implementation

The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure<SUBTITLE>The JNC 7 Report</SUBTITLE>

Chobanian, Aram V.·2003·JAMA

DOI 10.1001/jama.289.19.2560

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

"The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure" provides a new guideline for hypertension prevention and management. The following are the key messages(1) In persons older than 50 years, systolic blood pressure (BP) of more than 140 mm Hg is a much more important cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor than diastolic BP; (2) The risk of CVD, beginning at 115/75 mm Hg, doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg; individuals who are normotensive at 55 years of age have a 90% lifetime risk for developing hypertension; (3) Individuals with a systolic BP of 120 to 139 mm Hg or a diastolic BP of 80 to 89 mm Hg should be considered as prehypertensive and require health-promoting lifestyle modifications to prevent CVD; (4) Thiazide-type diuretics should be used in drug treatment for most patients with uncomplicated hypertension, either alone or combined with drugs from other classes. Certain high-risk conditions are compelling indications for the initial use of other antihypertensive drug classes (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor blockers, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers); (5) Most patients with hypertension will require 2 or more antihypertensive medications to achieve goal BP (<140/90 mm Hg, or <130/80 mm Hg for patients with diabetes or chronic kidney disease); (6) If BP is more than 20/10 mm Hg above goal BP, consideration should be given to initiating therapy with 2 agents, 1 of which usually should be a thiazide-type diuretic; and (7) The most effective therapy prescribed by the most careful clinician will control hypertension only if patients are motivated. Motivation improves when patients have positive experiences with and trust in the clinician. Empathy builds trust and is a potent motivator. Finally, in presenting these guidelines, the committee recognizes that the responsible physician's judgment remains paramount.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1001/jama.289.19.2560

Cites

59 of 59 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Elevated apoB-containing lipoproteins, low HDL-C levels, and hypertension are well-established major risk factors.
“Indeed, 3 of the metabolic risk factors-elevated apoB-containing lipoproteins, 1 low HDL-C levels, 1 and hypertension 91 -are well established, major risk factors.”
From Diagnosis and Management of the Metabolic Syndrome: An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement (2005) · cites this paper as [91]
For overt hypertension without diabetes or chronic kidney disease, the antihypertensive goal is blood pressure below 140/90 mm Hg.
“When overt hypertension is present without diabetes or chronic kidney disease, the goal for antihypertensive therapy is a blood pressure of Ͻ140/90 mm Hg. 91”
From Diagnosis and Management of the Metabolic Syndrome: An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement (2005) · cites this paper as [91]
The benefits of therapy extend to patients with type 2 diabetes whose blood pressure is above goal, and presumably to hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome.
“The benefits of therapy extend to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus whose blood pressure is above goal level, and presumably to hypertensive patients with the metabolic syndrome.”
From Diagnosis and Management of the Metabolic Syndrome: An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement (2005) · cites this paper as [91]
Mild blood pressure elevations can often be controlled effectively with lifestyle therapies: weight control, increased physical activity, alcohol moderation, sodium reduction, and more fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy, consistent with the DASH diet.
“Mild elevations of blood pressure often can be effectively controlled with lifestyle therapies: weight control, increased physical activity, alcohol moderation, sodium reduction, and increased consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables and low-fat dairy products, in accord with the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet.91”
From Diagnosis and Management of the Metabolic Syndrome: An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement (2005) · cites this paper as [91]
With diabetes or chronic kidney disease, the blood pressure goal is below 130/80 mm Hg.
“In the presence of diabetes or chronic kidney disease, the blood pressure goal is Ͻ130/80 mm Hg. 91”
From Diagnosis and Management of the Metabolic Syndrome: An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement (2005) · cites this paper as [91]

For patients with established type 2 diabetes, clinical trials confirm that treating dyslipidemia and hypertension reduces cardiovascular risk.
“For patients with established type 2 diabetes mellitus, clinical trials confirm a reduction in cardiovascular risk from treatment of dyslipidemia 161-163,179 -181 and hypertension.91”
From Diagnosis and Management of the Metabolic Syndrome: An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement (2005) · cites this paper as [91]
Assiduous attention to abnormalities other than hyperglycemia that accompany type 2 diabetes, such as hypertension and dyslipidaemia, has been shown to improve microvascular and cardiovascular complications.
“Assiduous attention to abnormalities other than hyperglycemia that accompany type 2 diabetes, such as hypertension and dyslipidaemia, has been shown to improve microvascular and cardiovascular complications.”
From Medical Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Algorithm for the Initiation and Adjustment of Therapy (2009) · cites this paper as [22]
For hypertension diagnosis, the included studies generally reported uniform criteria based on levels of SBP >140 mmHg and/or DBP >90 mmHg or use of anti-hypertensive medication.
“For hypertension diagnosis, the studies generally reported more uniformed criteria based on levels of SBP > _140mmHg and/or DBP > _90 mmHg or use of anti-hypertensive medication.41”
From Periodontitis is associated with hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [41]
Measurement and treatment of blood lipids, blood pressure, and glucose levels have become the major emphases for cardiovascular risk reduction.
“Nevertheless, measurement and treatment of blood lipids, blood pressure, and glucose levels have became the major emphases for cardiovascular risk reduction.”
From Beyond Established and Novel Risk Factors: Lifestyle Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease (2008) · cites this paper as [24]
Following a healthful eating plan can reduce several recognized risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.
“there is good evidence that following a healthful eating plan can reduce several of the recognized risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.”
From Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes: A Common Agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association (2004) · cites this paper as [12]
A nutritionally balanced diet plays an important role in maintaining a healthy weight and can have a favorable impact on blood pressure and plasma lipids.
“good evidence indicates that a nutritionally balanced diet plays an important role in maintaining a healthy weight and can have a favorable impact on blood pressure 12 and plasma lipids.93”
From Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes: A Common Agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association (2004) · cites this paper as [12]
Only about 34% of individuals with hypertension are on medication and have well-controlled blood pressure; 25% are on medication but have inadequate blood pressure control.
“Only about 34% are on medication and have wellcontrolled blood pressure; 25% are on medication but have inadequate blood pressure control.12”
From Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes: A Common Agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association (2004) · cites this paper as [12]
An estimated 30% of those with hypertension are unaware that they have it.
“The prevalence of hypertension is increasing, and an estimated 30% of those with hypertension are unaware that they have it.12”
From Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes: A Common Agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association (2004) · cites this paper as [12]
Elevated blood pressure is associated with a 2 to 3 times higher risk of developing congestive heart failure and substantially increases the risk of stroke, with blood pressures of 160 mm Hg systolic and/or 90 mm Hg diastolic or greater associated with a relative risk of stroke estimated at 4 times greater than in individuals without hypertension.
“Elevated blood pressure is associated with a 2 to 3 times higher risk of developing congestive heart failure and substantially increases the risk of stroke, with blood pressures of 160 mm Hg systolic and/or 90 mm Hg diastolic or greater associated with a relative risk of stroke that has been estimated at 4 times greater than in individuals without hypertension.”
From Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes: A Common Agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association (2004) · cites this paper as [12]
The prevalence of hypertension is increasing.
“The prevalence of hypertension is increasing, and an estimated 30% of those with hypertension are unaware that they have it.12”
From Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes: A Common Agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association (2004) · cites this paper as [12]
Approximately 1 in 4 American adults has high blood pressure, defined as systolic pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic pressure ≥90 mm Hg.
“Approximately 1 in 4 American adults has high blood pressure, defined as systolic pressure Ն140 mm Hg or diastolic pressure Ն90 mm Hg. 12”
From Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes: A Common Agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association (2004) · cites this paper as [12]
There are important disparities in the prevalence of hypertension, with blacks developing elevated blood pressure at an earlier age and having higher pressures on average.
“There are important disparities in the prevalence of hypertension, with blacks both developing elevated blood pressure at an earlier age and having higher pressures on average.”
From Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes: A Common Agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association (2004) · cites this paper as [12]
The diagnostic cutoff for hypertension is lower in people with diabetes (blood pressure ≥130/80) than in those without diabetes (blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg).
“Because of the clear synergistic risks of hypertension and diabetes, the diagnostic cutoff for a diagnosis of hypertension is lower in people with diabetes (blood pressure ≥130/80) than in those without diabetes (blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg) (160).”
From Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2009 (2009) · cites this paper as [160]
Studies in nondiabetic individuals have shown anti-hypertensive effects similar to pharmacologic monotherapy of reducing sodium intake and excess body weight; increasing consumption of fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products; avoiding excessive alcohol consumption; and increasing activity levels.
“Although there are no well-controlled studies of diet and exercise in the treatment of hypertension in individuals with diabetes, studies in nondiabetic individuals have shown anti-hypertensive effects similar to pharmacologic monotherapy of reducing sodium intake and excess body weight; increasing consumption of fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products; avoiding excessive alcohol consumptio”
From Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2009 (2009) · cites this paper as [160]
Randomized clinical trials have demonstrated the benefit (reduction of CHD events, stroke, and nephropathy) of lowering blood pressure to <140 mmHg systolic and <80 mmHg diastolic in individuals with diabetes.
“Randomized clinical trials have demonstrated the benefit (reduction of CHD events, stroke, and nephropathy) of lowering blood pressure to <140 mmHg systolic and <80 mmHg diastolic in individuals with diabetes (160,163–165).”
From Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2009 (2009) · cites this paper as [160]
Epidemiologic analyses show that blood pressure >115/75 mmHg is associated with increased cardiovascular event rates and mortality in individuals with diabetes.
“Epidemiologic analyses show that blood pressure >115/75 mmHg is associated with increased cardiovascular event rates and mortality in individuals with diabetes (160,166,167).”
From Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2009 (2009) · cites this paper as [160]
Other studies have shown no specific advantage to ACE inhibitors as initial treatment of hypertension in the general hypertensive population, but rather an advantage on cardiovascular outcomes of initial therapy with low-dose thiazide diuretics.
“However, a variety of other studies have shown no specific advantage to ACE inhibitors as initial treatment of hypertension in the general hypertensive population, but rather an advantage on cardiovascular outcomes of initial therapy with low-dose thiazide diuretics (160,172,173).”
From Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2009 (2009) · cites this paper as [160]
Many patients will require three or more drugs to reach target blood pressure goals.
“Many patients will require three or more drugs to reach target goals (160).”
From Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2009 (2009) · cites this paper as [160]

Risks and Benefits of Estrogen Plus Progestin in Healthy Postmenopausal Women: Principal Results From the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial
Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators (2002) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.288.3.321 · Cited by 15,889 · see citing works
Detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)
Grundy, S. M., Becker, D. M., Clark, L. T., Cooper, R., Denke, M. A., Howard, J. L., Hunninghake, D. B., Illingworth, D. R., Luepker, R. V., McBride, P. E., et al. (2002) · Civil War Book Review · Cited by 12,198 · see citing works
Effects of an Angiotensin-Converting–Enzyme Inhibitor, Ramipril, on Cardiovascular Events in High-Risk Patients
(2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200001203420301 · Cited by 8,663 · see citing works
Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure
The SOLVD Investigators* (1991) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199108013250501 · Cited by 8,029 · see citing works
Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy
Brenner, B. M., Cooper, M. E., de Zeeuw, D., Keane, W. F., Mitch, W. E., Parving, H.-H., Remuzzi, G., Snapinn, S. M., Zhang, Z., & Shahinfar, S. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa011161 · Cited by 7,493 · see citing works
Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients
Collaboration, A. T. (2002) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7329.71 · Cited by 6,943 · see citing works
The Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure
(1997) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.157.21.2413 · Cited by 6,345 · see citing works
Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999–2000
Flegal, K. M. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.14.1723 · Cited by 6,190 · see citing works
Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes
Lewis, E. J., Hunsicker, L. G., Clarke, W. R., Berl, T., Pohl, M. A., Lewis, J. B., Ritz, E., Atkins, R. C., Rohde, R., & Raz, I. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa011303 · Cited by 5,987 · see citing works
Effect of Captopril on Mortality and Morbidity in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction after Myocardial Infarction: Results of the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement Trial
Pfeffer, M. A., Braunwald, E., Moyé, L. A., Basta, L., Brown, E. J., Cuddy, T. E., Davis, B. R., Geltman, E. M., Goldman, S., Flaker, G. C., et al. (1992) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199209033271001 · Cited by 5,911 · see citing works
Effects on Blood Pressure of Reduced Dietary Sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet
Sacks, F. M., Svetkey, L. P., Vollmer, W. M., Appel, L. J., Bray, G. A., Harsha, D., Obarzanek, E., Conlin, P. R., Miller, E. R., Simons-Morton, D. G., et al. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200101043440101 · Cited by 5,638 · see citing works
Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the losartan intervention for endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): A randomised trial against atenolol
Dahlöf, B., Devereux, R. B., Kjeldsen, S. E., Julius, S., Beevers, G., de Faire, U., Fyhrquist, F., Ibsen, H., Kristiansson, K., Lederballe-Pedersen, O., et al. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)08089-3 · Cited by 5,407 · see citing works
The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy
Lewis, E. J., Hunsicker, L. G., Bain, R. P., & Rohde, R. D. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199311113292004 · Cited by 5,394 · see citing works
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction
Pitt, B., Remme, W., Zannad, F., Neaton, J., Martinez, F., Roniker, B., Bittman, R., Hurley, S., Kleiman, J., & Gatlin, M. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa030207 · Cited by 4,941 · see citing works
Report of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy
(2000) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1067/mob.2000.107928 · Cited by 3,261 · see citing works
Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack
(2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)06178-5 · Cited by 3,178 · see citing works
A Randomized Trial of the Angiotensin-Receptor Blocker Valsartan in Chronic Heart Failure
Cohn, J. N., & Tognoni, G. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa010713 · Cited by 3,108 · see citing works
The Effect of Spironolactone on Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Severe Heart Failure
Pitt, B., Zannad, F. M., Remme, W. J., Cody, R. J., Castaigne, A., Pérez, A. J. P., Palensky, J., & Wittes, J. T. (2000) · Survey of Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00132586-200006000-00059 · Cited by 2,927 · see citing works
Physicians Desk Reference
Arky, R. A. (1994) · Cited by 2,621 · see citing works
Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Controlled Trials
Whelton, S. P., Chin, A., Xin, X., & He, J. (2002) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-136-7-200204020-00006 · Cited by 1,970 · see citing works
ACC/AHA guidelines for the evaluation and management of chronic heart failure in the adult: executive summary
Hunt, S. A., Baker, D. W., Chin, M. H., Cinquegrani, M. P., Feldman, A. M., Francis, G. S., Ganiats, T. G., Goldstein, S., Gregoratos, G., Jessup, M. L., et al. (2001) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01683-7 · Cited by 1,909 · see citing works
Randomised placebo-controlled trial of effect of ramipril on decline in glomerular filtration rate and risk of terminal renal failure in proteinuric, non-diabetic nephropathy
The GISEN Group, & MANNO, C. (1997) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)11445-8 · Cited by 1,863 · see citing works
Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure
Julian, D. G., Moss, A. J., Murray, G. D., Poole-Wilson, P. A., Simoons, M. L., Ball, S., Bender, N., Cleland, J. G. F., Dl, C., Pj, C., et al. (1993) · The Lancet · Cited by 1,860 · see citing works
Effect of carvedilol on outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction: the CAPRICORN randomised trial
(2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04560-8 · Cited by 1,837 · see citing works
A Clinical Trial of the Angiotensin-Converting–Enzyme Inhibitor Trandolapril in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction after Myocardial Infarction
Køber, L., Torp-Pedersen, C. T., Carlsen, J. E., Bagger, H., Eliasen, P., Lyngborg, K., Videbæk, J., Cole, D. S., Auclert, L., Pauly, N., et al. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199512213332503 · Cited by 1,768 · see citing works
Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure
Packer, M., Coats, A. J. S., & Fowler, M. B. (2001) · ACC Current Journal Review · doi:10.1016/s1062-1458(01)00477-9 · Cited by 1,663 · see citing works
Obesity Evaluation and Treatment: Expert Committee Recommendations
Barlow, S. E., & Dietz, W. H. (1998) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.102.3.e29 · Cited by 1,543 · see citing works
Primary Prevention of Hypertension Clinical and Public Health Advisory From the National High Blood Pressure Education Program
Whelton, P. K. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.15.1882 · Cited by 1,466 · see citing works
Efficacy of atenolol and captopril in reducing risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 39
Stearne, M. R., Palmer, S. L., Hammersley, M. S., Franklin, S. L., Spivey, R. S., Lévy, J., Tidy, C. R., Bell, N. J., Steemson, J., Barrow, B. A., et al. (1998) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 1,406 · see citing works
Residual Lifetime Risk for Developing Hypertension in Middle-aged Women and Men
Vasan, R. S., Beiser, A., Seshadri, S. S., Larson, M. G., Kannel, W. B., D’Agostino, R. B., & Levy, D. A. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.287.8.1003 · Cited by 1,399 · see citing works
A Comparison of Outcomes with Angiotensin-Converting–Enzyme Inhibitors and Diuretics for Hypertension in the Elderly
Wing, L. M. H., Reid, C. M., Ryan, P., Beilin, L. J., Brown, M. A., Jennings, G. L. R., Johnston, C. I., McNeil, J. J., Macdonald, G. J., Marley, J. E., et al. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa021716 · Cited by 1,130 · see citing works
Assessment of frequency of progression to hypertension in non-hypertensive participants in the Framingham Heart Study: a cohort study
Vasan, R. S., Larson, M. G., Leip, E. P., Kannel, W. B., & Levy, D. A. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)06710-1 · Cited by 1,074 · see citing works
Original Papers. Success and Predictors of Blood Pressure Control in Diverse North American Settings: The Antihypertensive and Lipid‐Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)
Cushman, W. C., Ford, C. E., Cutler, J. A., Margolis, K. L., Davis, B. R., Grimm, R. H., Black, H. R., Hamilton, B. P., Holland, J., Nwachuku, C., et al. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/j.1524-6175.2002.02045.x · Cited by 979 · see citing works
Characteristics of Patients with Uncontrolled Hypertension in the United States
Hyman, D. J., & Pavlik, V. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa010273 · Cited by 860 · see citing works
Principal Results of the Controlled Onset Verapamil Investigation of Cardiovascular End Points (CONVINCE) Trial
Black, H. R. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.16.2073 · Cited by 744 · see citing works
Effects of Alcohol Reduction on Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Xin, X., He, J., Frontini, M. G., Ogden, L. G., Motsamai, O. I., & Whelton, P. K. (2001) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hy1101.093424 · Cited by 738 · see citing works
National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2001 summary.
Cherry, D. K., Burt, C. W., & Woodwell, D. A. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 686 · see citing works
Prognostic Value of Ambulatory Blood Pressure
Verdecchia, P. (2000) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.35.3.844 · Cited by 616 · see citing works
Progressive Resistance Exercise and Resting Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Kelley, G. A., & Kelley, K. S. (2000) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.35.3.838 · Cited by 555 · see citing works
Treatment of Hypertension in Adults With Diabetes
American Diabetes Association (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.2007.s80 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Recommendations for the use of home (self) and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
Pickering, T. G. (1996) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/0895-7061(95)00341-x · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Effects of Losartan on Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in Patients With Isolated Systolic Hypertension and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Kjeldsen, S. E., Dahlöf, B., Devereux, R. B., Julius, S., Aurup, P., Edelman, J. M., Beevers, G., Fairé, U. D., Fyhrquist, F., Ibsen, H., et al. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.12.1491 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Long-Term Effects of Weight Loss and Dietary Sodium Reduction on Incidence of Hypertension
He, J., Whelton, P. K., Appel, L. J., Charleston, J. B., & Klag, M. J. (2000) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.35.2.544 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Importance of Systolic Blood Pressure in Older Americans
Izzo, J. L., Levy, D. A., & Black, H. R. (2000) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.35.5.1021 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Improving Preventive Care by Prompting Physicians
Balas, E. A. (2000) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.160.3.301 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Long-Term Absolute Benefit of Lowering Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients According to the JNC VI Risk Stratification
Ogden, L. G., He, J., LYDICK, E. G., & Whelton, P. K. (2000) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.35.2.539 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
The National High Blood Pressure Education Program
Jones, D. W., & Hall, J. E. (2002) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000018303.61360.28 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop on Sodium and Blood Pressure
Chobanian, A. V., & Hill, M. (2000) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.35.4.858 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Self-citation
Baseline Characteristics and Early Blood Pressure Control in the CONVINCE Trial
Black, H. R., Elliott, W. J., Neaton, J. D., Grandits, G. A., Grambsch, P. M., Grimm, R. H., Hansson, L., Lacoucière, Y., Muller, J. E., Sleight, P., et al. (2001) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.37.1.12 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality
Lewington, S., Clarke, R., Qizilbash, N., Peto, R., & Collins, R. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13064-4 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Dementia and Disability Outcomes in Large Hypertension Trials: Lessons Learned from the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP) Trial
Di Bari, M., Pahor, M., Franse, L. V., Shorr, R. I., Wan, J. Y., Ferrucci, L., Somes, G. W., & Applegate, W. B. (2001) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/153.1.72 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Two Words to Improve Physician-Patient Communication: What Else?
Barrier, P. A., Li, J. T. C., & Jensen, N. M. (2003) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/78.2.211 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Successful Blood Pressure Control in the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension
Wright, J. T. (2002) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.162.14.1636 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
An evidence-based review of patient-centered behavioral interventions for hypertension1 1The full text of this review article is available via AJPM Online at www.elsevier.com/locate/ajpmonline.
Boulware, L. E., Daumit, G. L., Frick, K. D., Minkovitz, C. S., Lawrence, R. S., & Powe, N. R. (2001) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(01)00356-7 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Health outcomes associated with various antihypertensive therapies used as first-line agents
Psaty, B. M., Lumley, T., & Furberg, C. D. (2003) · ACC Current Journal Review · doi:10.1016/s1062-1458(03)00272-1 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Effects of ACE Inhibitors, Calcium Antagonists, and Other Blood Pressure lowering Drugs
Thakkar, R. B., & Oparil, S. (2001) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-001-0043-5 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Compliance enhancement. A call for multidisciplinary team approaches.
Hill, M., & Miller, N. (1996) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.93.1.4 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Absence of a deleterious effect of calcium channel blockers in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction: The SAVE study experience
Hager, W. D., Davis, B. R., Riba, A. L., et al. (1998) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/s0002-8703(98)70315-1 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Reflections on the sixth report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure
Sheps, S. G., & Roccella, E. J. (1999) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-999-0044-3 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure
Chobanian, A. V., Bakris, G. L., Black, H. R., Cushman, W. C., Green, L. A., Izzo, J. L., Jones, D. W., Materson, B. J., Oparil, S., Wright, J. T., et al. (2003) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000107251.49515.c2 · Cited by 13,271 · see citing works
Self-citation
2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure
Yancy, C. W., Jessup, M., Bozkurt, B., Butler, J., Casey, D. E., Drazner, M. H., Fonarow, G. C., Geraci, S. A., Horwich, T., Januzzi, J. L., et al. (2013) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.019 · Cited by 12,536 · see citing works
Diagnosis and Management of the Metabolic Syndrome: An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement
Grundy, S. M., Cleeman, J. I., Daniels, S. R., Donato, K. A., Eckel, R. H., Franklin, B. A., Gordon, D. J., Krauss, R. M., Savage, P. J., Smith, S. C., et al. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.105.169404 · Cited by 11,961 · see citing works
Inter-Society Consensus for the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (TASC II)
Norgren, L., Hiatt, W. R., Dormandy, J. A., Nehler, M. R., Harris, K. A., & Fowkes, F. G. R. (2007) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2006.12.037 · Cited by 8,191 · see citing works
2014 Evidence-Based Guideline for the Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: Report From the Panel Members Appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8)
James, P. A., Oparil, S., Carter, B. L., Cushman, W. C., Dennison-Himmelfarb, C., Handler, J., Lackland, D. T., LeFevre, M. L., MacKenzie, T. D., Ogedegbe, O., et al. (2014) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2013.284427 · Cited by 7,950 · see citing works
2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines
Whelton, P. K., Carey, R. M., Aronow, W. S., Casey, D. E., Collins, K. J., Dennison Himmelfarb, C., DePalma, S. M., Gidding, S., Jamerson, K. A., Jones, D. W., et al. (2018) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hyp.0000000000000065 · Cited by 7,391 · see citing works
International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)
MIYAKIS, S., LOCKSHIN, M. D., ATSUMI, T., BRANCH, D. W., BREY, R. L., CERVERA, R., DERKSEN, R. H. W. M., DE GROOT, P. G., KOIKE, T., MERONI, P. L., et al. (2006) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.01753.x · Cited by 7,203 · see citing works
Expert consensus document on arterial stiffness: methodological issues and clinical applications
Laurent, S., Cockcroft, J., Van Bortel, L., Boutouyrie, P., Giannattasio, C., Hayoz, D., Pannier, B., Vlachopoulos, C., Wilkinson, I., Struijker-Boudier, H., et al. (2006) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehl254 · Cited by 6,077 · see citing works
Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)
The ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group (2002) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.288.23.2981 · Cited by 5,664 · see citing works
Guidelines for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
Kernan, W. N., Ovbiagele, B., Black, H. R., Bravata, D. M., Chimowitz, M. I., Ezekowitz, M. D., Fang, M. C., Fisher, M., Furie, K. L., Heck, D. V., et al. (2014) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0000000000000024 · Cited by 5,170 · see citing works
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Go, A. S., Mozaffarian, D., Roger, V. L., Benjamin, E. J., Berry, J. D., Borden, W. B., Bravata, D. M., Dai, S., Ford, E. S., Fox, C. S., et al. (2013) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e31828124ad · Cited by 5,292 · see citing works
Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults
Chodzko-Zajko, W. J., Proctor, D. N., Fiatarone Singh, M. A., Minson, C. T., Nigg, C. R., Salem, G. J., & Skinner, J. S. (2009) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181a0c95c · Cited by 5,153 · see citing works
Defining and Setting National Goals for Cardiovascular Health Promotion and Disease Reduction: The American Heart Association’s Strategic Impact Goal Through 2020 and Beyond
Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Hong, Y., Labarthe, D., Mozaffarian, D., Appel, L. J., Van Horn, L., Greenlund, K., Daniels, S., Nichol, G., Tomaselli, G. F., et al. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.109.192703 · Cited by 4,750 · see citing works
National Kidney Foundation practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification
Levey, A. S., Coresh, J., Balk, E., Kausz, A. T., Levin, A., Steffes, M. W., Hogg, R. J., Perrone, R. D., Lau, J., & Eknoyan, G. (2003) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-139-2-200307150-00013 · Cited by 4,615 · see citing works
Standards of medical care in diabetes—2014
American Diabetes Association (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-s014 · Cited by 4,572 · see citing works
A new definition for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: An international expert consensus statement
Eslam, M., Newsome, P. N., Sarin, S. K., Anstee, Q. M., Targher, G., Romero-Gomez, M., Zelber-Sagi, S., Wai-Sun Wong, V., Dufour, J.-F., Schattenberg, J. M., et al. (2020) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.03.039 · Cited by 4,472 · see citing works
Standards of medical care in diabetes—2013
American Diabetes Association (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-s011 · Cited by 4,369 · see citing works
Recommendations for Blood Pressure Measurement in Humans and Experimental Animals: Part 1: Blood Pressure Measurement in Humans: A Statement for Professionals From the Subcommittee of Professional and Public Education of the American Heart Association Council on High Blood Pressure Research
Pickering, T. G., Hall, J. E., Appel, L. J., Falkner, B. E., Graves, J., Hill, M. N., Jones, D. W., Kurtz, T., Sheps, S. G., & Roccella, E. J. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000154900.76284.f6 · Cited by 3,985 · see citing works
Chronic kidney disease
Webster, A. C., Nagler, E. V., Morton, R. L., & Masson, P. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)32064-5 · Cited by 3,842 · see citing works
Medical Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Algorithm for the Initiation and Adjustment of Therapy
Nathan, D. M., Buse, J. B., Davidson, M. B., Ferrannini, E., Holman, R. R., Sherwin, R., & Zinman, B. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-9025 · Cited by 3,834 · see citing works
Kidney Disease as a Risk Factor for Development of Cardiovascular Disease: A Statement From the American Heart Association Councils on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, High Blood Pressure Research, Clinical Cardiology, and Epidemiology and Prevention
Sarnak, M. J., Levey, A. S., Schoolwerth, A. C., Coresh, J., Culleton, B., Hamm, L. L., McCullough, P. A., Kasiske, B. L., Kelepouris, E., Klag, M. J., et al. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000095676.90936.80 · Cited by 3,768 · see citing works
ACC/AHA 2005 Practice Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease (Lower Extremity, Renal, Mesenteric, and Abdominal Aortic): A Collaborative Report from the American Association for Vascular Surgery/Society for Vascular Surgery,* Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, Society of Interventional Radiology, and the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease): Endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Society for Vascular Nursing; TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus; and Vascular Disease Foundation
Hirsch, A. T., Haskal, Z. J., Hertzer, N. R., Bakal, C. W., Creager, M. A., Halperin, J. L., Hiratzka, L. F., Murphy, W. R. C., Olin, J. W., Puschett, J. B., et al. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.174526 · Cited by 3,708 · see citing works
Clinical practice guideline for screening and management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents
Flynn, J. T., Kaelber, D. C., Baker-Smith, C. M., Blowey, D., Carroll, A. E., Daniels, S. R., de Ferranti, S. D., Dionne, J. M., Falkner, B., Flinn, S. K., et al. (2017) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2017-1904 · Cited by 3,651 · see citing works
Effects of intensive blood-pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus
(2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1001286 · Cited by 3,598 · see citing works
2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Non–ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes
Amsterdam, E. A., Wenger, N. K., Brindis, R. G., Casey, D. E., Ganiats, T. G., Holmes, D. R., Jaffe, A. S., Jneid, H., Kelly, R. F., Kontos, M. C., et al. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.09.017 · Cited by 3,595 · see citing works
Global Disparities of Hypertension Prevalence and Control: A Systematic Analysis of Population-Based Studies From 90 Countries
Mills, K. T., Bundy, J. D., Kelly, T. N., Reed, J. E., Kearney, P. M., Reynolds, K., Chen, J., & He, J. (2016) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.115.018912 · Cited by 3,531 · see citing works
Standards of medical care in diabetes 2010
American Diabetes Association (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-s011 · Cited by 3,470 · see citing works
Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Effect of Weight Loss: An Update of the 1997 American Heart Association Scientific Statement on Obesity and Heart Disease From the Obesity Committee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism
Poirier, P., Giles, T. D., Bray, G. A., Hong, Y., Stern, J. S., Pi-Sunyer, F. X., & Eckel, R. H. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.171016 · Cited by 3,165 · see citing works
Toward the future of psychiatric diagnosis: the seven pillars of RDoC
Cuthbert, B. N., & Insel, T. R. (2013) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-126 · Cited by 3,053 · see citing works
Assessing Kidney Function — Measured and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate
Stevens, L. A., Coresh, J., Greene, T., & Levey, A. S. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra054415 · Cited by 2,952 · see citing works
Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Dahlöf, B., Sever, P. S., Poulter, N. R., Wedel, H., Beevers, D. G., Caulfield, M., Collins, R., Kjeldsen, S. E., Kristinsson, A., McInnes, G. T., et al. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67185-1 · Cited by 2,909 · see citing works
Standards of medical care in diabetes—2011
American Diabetes Association (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-s011 · Cited by 2,880 · see citing works
The Preventable Causes of Death in the United States: Comparative Risk Assessment of Dietary, Lifestyle, and Metabolic Risk Factors
Danaei, G., Ding, E. L., Mozaffarian, D., Taylor, B., Rehm, J., Murray, C. J. L., & Ezzati, M. (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000058 · Cited by 2,860 · see citing works
Retracted: Predictive Validity of a Medication Adherence Measure in an Outpatient Setting
Morisky, D. E., Ang, A., Krousel‐Wood, M., & Ward, H. J. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/j.1751-7176.2008.07572.x · Cited by 2,877 · see citing works
Retracted
Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies
Law, M. R., Morris, J. K., & Wald, N. J. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b1665 · Cited by 2,775 · see citing works
Experimental Analysis of Neighborhood Effects
Kling, J. R., Liebman, J. B., & Katz, L. F. (2007) · Econometrica · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0262.2007.00733.x · Cited by 2,719 · see citing works
Guidelines for the Primary Prevention of Stroke: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
Meschia, J. F., Bushnell, C., Boden-Albala, B., Braun, L. T., Bravata, D. M., Chaturvedi, S., Creager, M. A., Eckel, R. H., Elkind, M. S. V., Fornage, M., et al. (2014) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0000000000000046 · Cited by 2,650 · see citing works
2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
O'Gara, P. T., Kushner, F. G., Ascheim, D. D., Casey, D. E., Chung, M. K., de Lemos, J. A., Ettinger, S. M., Fang, J. C., Fesmire, F. M., Franklin, B. A., et al. (2013) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.11.019 · Cited by 2,625 · see citing works
Clinical Practice Guidelines and Quality of Care for Older Patients With Multiple Comorbid Diseases: Implications for Pay for Performance
Boyd, C. M., Darer, J., Boult, C., Fried, L. P., Boult, L., & Wu, A. W. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.294.6.716 · Cited by 2,581 · see citing works
The FNIH Sarcopenia Project: Rationale, Study Description, Conference Recommendations, and Final Estimates
Studenski, S. A., Peters, K. W., Alley, D. E., Cawthon, P. M., McLean, R. R., Harris, T. B., Ferrucci, L., Guralnik, J. M., Fragala, M. S., Kenny, A. M., et al. (2014) · The Journals of Gerontology: Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glu010 · Cited by 2,545 · see citing works
Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: results of prospectively-designed overviews of randomised trials
(2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14739-3 · Cited by 2,402 · see citing works
Renal sympathetic denervation in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension (The Symplicity HTN-2 Trial): a randomised controlled trial
(2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)62039-9 · Cited by 2,242 · see citing works
US trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, 1988–2008
Egan, B. M. (2010) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2010.650 · Cited by 2,197 · see citing works
Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2009
American Diabetes Association (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-s013 · Cited by 2,167 · see citing works
Effectiveness-Based Guidelines for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women—2011 Update: A Guideline From the American Heart Association
Mosca, L., Benjamin, E. J., Berra, K., Bezanson, J. L., Dolor, R. J., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Newby, L. K., Piña, I. L., Roger, V. L., Shaw, L. J., et al. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e31820faaf8 · Cited by 2,143 · see citing works
Physical Activity and Public Health in Older Adults: Recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association
NELSON, M. E., REJESKI, W. J., BLAIR, S. N., DUNCAN, P. W., JUDGE, J. O., KING, A. C., MACERA, C. A., & CASTANEDA-SCEPPA, C. (2007) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3180616aa2 · Cited by 2,089 · see citing works
Catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation for resistant hypertension: a multicentre safety and proof-of-principle cohort study
Krum, H., Schlaich, M., Whitbourn, R., Sobotka, P. A., Sadowski, J., Bartus, K., Kapelak, B., Walton, A., Sievert, H., Thambar, S., et al. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60566-3 · Cited by 2,108 · see citing works
The Metabolic Syndrome
Cornier, M.-A., Dabelea, D., Hernandez, T. L., Lindstrom, R. C., Steig, A. J., Stob, N. R., Van Pelt, R. E., Wang, H., & Eckel, R. H. (2008) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2008-0024 · Cited by 2,162 · see citing works
Benazepril plus amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension in high-risk patients
Jamerson, K., Weber, M. A., Bakris, G. L., Dahlöf, B., Pitt, B., Shi, V., Hester, A., Gupte, J., Gatlin, M., & Velazquez, E. J. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0806182 · Cited by 2,065 · see citing works
2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society
January, C. T., Wann, L. S., Alpert, J. S., Calkins, H., Cigarroa, J. E., Cleveland, J. C., Conti, J. B., Ellinor, P. T., Ezekowitz, M. D., Field, M. E., et al. (2014) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000040 · Cited by 2,056 · see citing works
Stroke risk factors, genetics, and prevention
Boehme, A. K., Esenwa, C., & Elkind, M. S. V. (2017) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.116.308398 · Cited by 1,952 · see citing works
A comprehensive review on metabolic syndrome
Kaur, J. (2014) · Cardiology Research and Practice · doi:10.1155/2014/943162 · Cited by 1,889 · see citing works
Retracted
Guidelines for Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke: Co-Sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline.
Sacco, R. L., Adams, R., Albers, G., Alberts, M. J., Benavente, O., Furie, K., Goldstein, L. B., Gorelick, P., Halperin, J., Harbaugh, R., et al. (2006) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000199147.30016.74 · Cited by 1,873 · see citing works
Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, and Therapy of Arterial Stiffness
Zieman, S. J., Melenovsky, V., & Kass, D. A. (2005) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000160548.78317.29 · Cited by 1,854 · see citing works
Diabetic nephropathy: diagnosis, prevention, and treatment
Gross, J. L., de Azevedo, M. J., Silveiro, S. P., Canani, L. H., Caramori, M. L., & Zelmanovitz, T. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.1.164 · Cited by 1,839 · see citing works
Prognostic significance of visit-to-visit variability, maximum systolic blood pressure, and episodic hypertension
Rothwell, P. M., Howard, S. C., Dolan, E., O'Brien, E., Dobson, J. E., Dahlöf, B., Sever, P. S., & Poulter, N. R. (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60308-x · Cited by 1,784 · see citing works
Impact of Medication Adherence on Hospitalization Risk and Healthcare Cost
Sokol, M. C., McGuigan, K. A., Verbrugge, R. R., & Epstein, R. S. (2005) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/01.mlr.0000163641.86870.af · Cited by 1,729 · see citing works
Role of the T cell in the genesis of angiotensin II–induced hypertension and vascular dysfunction
Guzik, T. J., Hoch, N. E., Brown, K. A., McCann, L. A., Rahman, A., Dikalov, S., Goronzy, J., Weyand, C., & Harrison, D. G. (2007) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20070657 · Cited by 1,736 · see citing works
Exercise Training for Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Cornelissen, V. A., & Smart, N. A. (2013) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.112.004473 · Cited by 1,683 · see citing works
Effects of a Mediterranean-Style Diet on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Randomized Trial
Estruch, R., Martínez-González, M. Á., Corella, D., Salas-Salvadó, J., Ruiz-Gutiérrez, V., Covas, M. I., Fiol, M., Gómez-Gracia, E., López-Sabater, M. C., Vinyoles, E., et al. (2006) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-145-1-200607040-00004 · Cited by 1,704 · see citing works
The Framingham Heart Study and the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease: a historical perspective
Mahmood, S. S., Levy, D., Vasan, R. S., & Wang, T. J. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61752-3 · Cited by 1,622 · see citing works
Salt intake, stroke, and cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of prospective studies
Strazzullo, P., D'Elia, L., Kandala, N.-B., & Cappuccio, F. P. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b4567 · Cited by 1,580 · see citing works
Prospective Study of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Incident Coronary Heart Disease and Heart Failure: The Sleep Heart Health Study
Gottlieb, D. J., Yenokyan, G., Newman, A. B., O'Connor, G. T., Punjabi, N. M., Quan, S. F., Redline, S., Resnick, H. E., Tong, E. K., Diener-West, M., et al. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.109.901801 · Cited by 1,551 · see citing works
Consensus development conference on antipsychotic drugs and obesity and diabetes
American Diabetes Association, American Psychiatric Association, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, & North American Association for the Study of Obesity (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.2.596 · Cited by 1,554 · see citing works
Prognostic value of aortic pulse wave velocity as index of arterial stiffness in the general population
Willum Hansen, T., Staessen, J. A., Torp-Pedersen, C., Rasmussen, S., Thijs, L., Ibsen, H., & Jeppesen, J. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.105.579342 · Cited by 1,515 · see citing works
American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation/Heart Rhythm Society Scientific Statement on Noninvasive Risk Stratification Techniques for Identifying Patients at Risk for Sudden Cardiac Death: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology Committee on Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention
Goldberger, J. J., Cain, M. E., Hohnloser, S. H., Kadish, A. H., Knight, B. P., Lauer, M. S., Maron, B. J., Page, R. L., Passman, R. S., Siscovick, D., et al. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.189375 · Cited by 1,450 · see citing works
European Society of hypertension position paper on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
O’Brien, E., Parati, G., Stergiou, G., Asmar, R., Beilin, L., Bilo, G., Clement, D., de la Sierra, A., de Leeuw, P., Dolan, E., et al. (2013) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e328363e964 · Cited by 1,419 · see citing works
Associations of kidney disease measures with mortality and end-stage renal disease in individuals with and without diabetes: a meta-analysis
Fox, C. S., Matsushita, K., Woodward, M., Bilo, H. J., Chalmers, J., Heerspink, H. J. L., Lee, B. J., Perkins, R. M., Rossing, P., Sairenchi, T., et al. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61350-6 · Cited by 1,401 · see citing works
Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2008
American Diabetes Association (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-s012 · Cited by 1,377 · see citing works
Sex differences in stroke: epidemiology, clinical presentation, medical care, and outcomes
Reeves, M. J., Bushnell, C. D., Howard, G., Gargano, J. W., Duncan, P. W., Lynch, G., Khatiwoda, A., & Lisabeth, L. (2008) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(08)70193-5 · Cited by 1,362 · see citing works
Body Mass Index and Risk for End-Stage Renal Disease
Hsu, C.-Y., McCulloch, C. E., Iribarren, C., Darbinian, J., & Go, A. S. (2006) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-144-1-200601030-00006 · Cited by 1,390 · see citing works
Effects of Comprehensive Lifestyle Modification on Blood Pressure Control: Main Results of the PREMIER Clinical Trial
(2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.16.2083 · Cited by 1,331 · see citing works
Guidelines for the Primary Prevention of Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
Goldstein, L. B., Bushnell, C. D., Adams, R. J., Appel, L. J., Braun, L. T., Chaturvedi, S., Creager, M. A., Culebras, A., Eckel, R. H., Hart, R. G., et al. (2011) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0b013e3181fcb238 · Cited by 1,306 · see citing works
Dietary Approaches to Prevent and Treat Hypertension: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Appel, L. J., Brands, M. W., Daniels, S. R., Karanja, N., Elmer, P. J., & Sacks, F. M. (2006) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000202568.01167.b6 · Cited by 1,304 · see citing works
Obesity and Vascular Risk Factors at Midlife and the Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer Disease
Kivipelto, M., Ngandu, T., Fratiglioni, L., Viitanen, M., Kåreholt, I., Winblad, B., Helkala, E.-L., Tuomilehto, J., Soininen, H., & Nissinen, A. (2005) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.62.10.1556 · Cited by 1,291 · see citing works
Trends in Prescription Drug Use Among Adults in the United States From 1999-2012
Kantor, E. D., Rehm, C. D., Haas, J. S., Chan, A. T., & Giovannucci, E. L. (2015) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2015.13766 · Cited by 1,219 · see citing works
Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in China: data from 1·7 million adults in a population-based screening study (China PEACE Million Persons Project)
Lu, J., Lu, Y., Wang, X., Li, X., Linderman, G. C., Wu, C., Cheng, X., Mu, L., Zhang, H., Liu, J., et al. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32478-9 · Cited by 1,133 · see citing works
Major congenital malformations after first-trimester exposure to ACE inhibitors
Cooper, W. O., Hernandez-Diaz, S., Arbogast, P. G., Dudley, J. A., Dyer, S., Gideon, P. S., Hall, K., & Ray, W. A. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa055202 · Cited by 1,192 · see citing works
Loneliness and health: potential mechanisms
Cacioppo, J. T., Hawkley, L. C., Crawford, L. E., Ernst, J. M., Burleson, M. H., Kowalewski, R. B., Malarkey, W. B., Van Cauter, E., & Berntson, G. G. (2002) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200205000-00005 · Cited by 1,149 · see citing works
Effects of liraglutide in the treatment of obesity: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Astrup, A., Rössner, S., Van Gaal, L., Rissanen, A., Niskanen, L., Al Hakim, M., Madsen, J., Rasmussen, M. F., & Lean, M. E. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61375-1 · Cited by 1,163 · see citing works
Kidney Disease as a Risk Factor for Development of Cardiovascular Disease: A Statement From the American Heart Association Councils on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, High Blood Pressure Research, Clinical Cardiology, and Epidemiology and Prevention
Sarnak, M. J., Levey, A. S., Schoolwerth, A. C., Coresh, J., Culleton, B., Hamm, L. L., McCullough, P. A., Kasiske, B. L., Kelepouris, E., Klag, M. J., et al. (2003) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000102971.85504.7c · Cited by 1,144 · see citing works
Metabolic and cardiovascular adverse effects associated with antipsychotic drugs.
De Hert, M., Detraux, J., van Winkel, R., Yu, W., & Correll, C. U. (2012) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2011.156 · Cited by 1,145 · see citing works
Nutrition therapy recommendations for the management of adults with diabetes
Evert, A. B., Boucher, J. L., Cypress, M., Dunbar, S. A., Franz, M. J., Mayer-Davis, E. J., Neumiller, J. J., Nwankwo, R., Verdi, C. L., Urbanski, P., et al. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-2042 · Cited by 1,129 · see citing works
Early Childhood Investments Substantially Boost Adult Health
Campbell, F., Conti, G., Heckman, J. J., Moon, S. H., Pinto, R., Pungello, E., & Pan, Y. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1248429 · Cited by 1,106 · see citing works
Potential role of sugar (fructose) in the epidemic of hypertension, obesity and the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease
Johnson, R. J., Segal, M. S., Sautin, Y., Nakagawa, T., Feig, D. I., Kang, D.-H., Gersch, M. S., Benner, S., & Sánchez-Lozada, L. G. (2007) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/86.4.899 · Cited by 1,075 · see citing works
Schizophrenia and increased risks of cardiovascular disease
Hennekens, C. H., Hennekens, A. R., Hollar, D., & Casey, D. E. (2005) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2005.02.007 · Cited by 1,070 · see citing works
The Diagnosis of Mental Disorders: The Problem of Reification
Hyman, S. E. (2010) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091532 · Cited by 1,052 · see citing works
Incident diabetes in clinical trials of antihypertensive drugs: a network meta-analysis
Elliott, W. J., & Meyer, P. M. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60108-1 · Cited by 1,016 · see citing works
Impact of Obesity on Plasma Natriuretic Peptide Levels
Wang, T. J., Larson, M. G., Levy, D., Benjamin, E. J., Leip, E. P., Wilson, P. W. F., & Vasan, R. S. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000112582.16683.ea · Cited by 1,022 · see citing works
Adolescent Physical Activity and Health: A Systematic Review
Hallal, P. C., Victora, C. G., Azevedo, M. R., & Wells, J. C. K. (2006) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200636120-00003 · Cited by 986 · see citing works
Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension in the Community: A Statement by the American Society of Hypertension and the International Society of Hypertension
Weber, M. A., Schiffrin, E. L., White, W. B., Mann, S., Lindholm, L. H., Kenerson, J. G., Flack, J. M., Carter, B. L., Materson, B. J., Ram, C. V. S., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.12237 · Cited by 986 · see citing works
Guidelines for the Prevention of Stroke in Women: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
Bushnell, C., McCullough, L. D., Awad, I. A., Chireau, M. V., Fedder, W. N., Furie, K. L., Howard, V. J., Lichtman, J. H., Lisabeth, L. D., Piña, I. L., et al. (2014) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000442009.06663.48 · Cited by 941 · see citing works
Combination therapy versus monotherapy in reducing blood pressure: meta-analysis on 11,000 participants from 42 trials
Wald, D. S., Law, M., Morris, J. K., Bestwick, J. P., & Wald, N. J. (2009) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.09.038 · Cited by 938 · see citing works
Clinical Presentation, Management, and In-Hospital Outcomes of Patients Admitted With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure With Preserved Systolic Function
Yancy, C. W., Lopatin, M., Stevenson, L. W., De Marco, T., & Fonarow, G. C. (2006) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.09.022 · Cited by 927 · see citing works
The Burden of Adult Hypertension in the United States 1999 to 2000: A Rising Tide
Fields, L. E., Burt, V. L., Cutler, J. A., Hughes, J., Roccella, E. J., & Sorlie, P. (2004) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000142248.54761.56 · Cited by 906 · see citing works
Clinical Management of Metabolic Syndrome: Report of the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Diabetes Association Conference on Scientific Issues Related to Management
Grundy, S. M., Hansen, B., Smith, S. C., Cleeman, J. I., Kahn, R. A., & Participants, F. C. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000112379.88385.67 · Cited by 864 · see citing works
Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. II. Barriers to care, monitoring and treatment guidelines, plus recommendations at the system and individual level
DE HERT, M., COHEN, D., BOBES, J., CETKOVICH‐BAKMAS, M., LEUCHT, S., NDETEI, D. M., NEWCOMER, J. W., UWAKWE, R., ASAI, I., MÖLLER, H., et al. (2011) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00036.x · Cited by 870 · see citing works
European Society of Hypertension guidelines for blood pressure monitoring at home: a summary report of the Second International Consensus Conference on Home Blood Pressure Monitoring
Parati, G., Stergiou, G. S., Asmar, R., Bilo, G., de Leeuw, P., Imai, Y., Kario, K., Lurbe, E., Manolis, A., Mengden, T., et al. (2008) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e328308da66 · Cited by 837 · see citing works
2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American College of Physicians, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons
Fihn, S. D., Gardin, J. M., Abrams, J., Berra, K., Blankenship, J. C., Dallas, A. P., Douglas, P. S., Foody, J. M., Gerber, T. C., Hinderliter, A. L., et al. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e318277d6a0 · Cited by 845 · see citing works
Weight maintenance and additional weight loss with liraglutide after low-calorie-diet-induced weight loss: the SCALE Maintenance Randomized Study
on behalf of the NN8022-1923 Investigators, Wadden, T. A., Hollander, P., Klein, S., Niswender, K., Woo, V, Hale, P. M., & Aronne, L. (2013) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.120 · Cited by 842 · see citing works

Candesartan Cilexetil plus Hydrochlorothiazide Combination
Melian, E. B., & Jarvis, B. (2002) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-200262050-00006 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Efficacy and Safety of the Compound of Candesartan Cilexetial and Hydrochlorothiazide in Patients with Essential Hypertension
Guang-hua, M. (2008) · Chinese Journal of Hypertension
Candesartan and hydrochlorothiazide in isolated systolic hypertension
Wing, L. M. H., Arnolda, L., Upton, J. M., & Molloy, D. (2003) · Blood Pressure · doi:10.1080/08037050310014954 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The clinical efficacy of essential hypertension with candesartan cilexetil hydrochlorothiazide joint
Hong-me, C. (2012) · China Practical Medicine
Simultaneous Determination of Candesartan Cilexetil Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide by by High-Performance Performance Liquid Chromatography
Khedr, A. (2008) · Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Medical Sciences · doi:10.4197/med.15-2.1 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Authors: Chobanian, A. V.
Affiliations: Boston University (US)
Corresponding author: Chobanian, Aram V.
Venue: JAMA
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2003-05-21
Volume: 289
Issue: 19
Pages: 2560
ISSN: 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
0098-7484
DOI: 10.1001/jama.289.19.2560
OpenAlex: W2156121263
Cited by: 25,386
References: 59
Citations by year: 2026: 169 · 2025: 261 · 2024: 358 · 2023: 377 · 2022: 499 · 2021: 608 · 2020: 697 · 2019: 731 · 2018: 808 · 2017: 866 · 2016: 976 · 2015: 1323 · 2014: 1629 · 2013: 1747 · 2012: 1747
FWCI: 912.45
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: JAMA (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
Keywords: hypertension, JNC 7 guidelines, blood pressure targets, systolic blood pressure, cardiovascular risk, prehypertension, thiazide diuretics, combination antihypertensive therapy, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, patient motivation, physician-patient trust, lifestyle modification, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease
MeSH terms: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists, Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists, Algorithms, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Antihypertensive Agents, Blood Pressure, Blood Pressure Determination, Calcium Channel Blockers, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, Diuretics, Humans, Hypertension, Risk Factors, Vasodilator Agents, Blood Pressure Monitors, Risk Reduction Behavior, Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure<SUBTITLE>The JNC 7 Report</SUBTITLE>

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks