The DOI matches its Crossref record; 611 of the 613 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cortico-spinal modularity in the parieto-frontal system: A new perspective on action control
Open accessAbstract
Classical neurophysiology suggests that the motor cortex (MI) has a unique role in action control. In contrast, this review presents evidence for multiple parieto-frontal spinal command modules that can bypass MI. Five observations support this modular perspective: (i) the statistics of cortical connectivity demonstrate functionally-related clusters of cortical areas, defining functional modules in the premotor, cingulate, and parietal cortices; (ii) different corticospinal pathways originate from the above areas, each with a distinct range of conduction velocities; (iii) the activation time of each module varies depending on task, and different modules can be activated simultaneously; (iv) a modular architecture with direct motor output is faster and less metabolically expensive than an architecture that relies on MI, given the slow connections between MI and other cortical areas; (v) lesions of the areas composing parieto-frontal modules have different effects from lesions of MI. Here we provide examples of six cortico-spinal modules and functions they subserve: module 1) arm reaching, tool use and object construction; module 2) spatial navigation and locomotion; module 3) grasping and observation of hand and mouth actions; module 4) action initiation, motor sequences, time encoding; module 5) conditional motor association and learning, action plan switching and action inhibition; module 6) planning defensive actions. These modules can serve as a library of tools to be recombined when faced with novel tasks, and MI might serve as a recombinatory hub. In conclusion, the availability of locally-stored information and multiple outflow paths supports the physiological plausibility of the proposed modular perspective.
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“The SMA is involved in complex motor planning and sequential movement execution.[31]”
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Egocentric value maps of the near-body environment
Bufacchi, R. J., Somervail, R., Fitzpatrick, A. M., Murayama, Y., Logothetis, N. K., Caminiti, R., & Iannetti, G. D. (2025) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-025-01958-7 · Cited by 11
Self-citationCastillo-Almazán, A., Pérez, O., Prado, L., Jacoby, N., & Merchant, H. (2025) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00158.2025 · Cited by 11
Rouiller, E. M. (2024) · Translational Neuroscience · doi:10.1515/tnsci-2022-0342 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Bufacchi, R. J., Battaglia-Mayer, A., Iannetti, G. D., & Caminiti, R.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Italian Institute of Technology (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Caminiti, R.
- Venue
- Progress in Neurobiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-12
- Volume
- 231
- Pages
- 102537
- ISSN
- 0301-0082 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4387542305
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 606
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5
- FWCI
- 0.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Progress in Neurobiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- Sapienza Università di Roma
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (201794KEER_002)
- MIUR
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Keywords
- motor cortex, action control, premotor cortex, cingulate cortex, parietal cortex, cortical connectivity, conduction velocity, response inhibition, tool use, spatial navigation, grasping, motor learning, lesion effects
- MeSH terms
- Cognition, Hand, Humans, Parietal Lobe
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