Locus of control: Relation to schizophrenia, to recovery, and to depression and psychosis — A 15-year longitudinal study
Open accessAbstract
The present prospectively designed 15-year longitudinal research was conducted to study whether locus of control is linked to diagnosis, to major symptoms, to functioning and recovery, and to personality for schizophrenia patients, depressive patients, and patients with other major disorders. The research studied 128 patients from the Chicago Follow-up Study at the acute phase and reassessed them 5 times over a 15-year period. Patients were evaluated on locus of control, global outcome, recovery, premorbid developmental achievements, psychosis, diagnosis, depression, and personality variables. 1) After the acute phase, schizophrenia patients were not more external than other diagnostic groups. 2) Internality is significantly associated with increased recovery in schizophrenia. 3) A more external locus of control was significantly related to depression. 4) The relationship between externality and psychosis was significant. In severe psychiatric disorders a more external locus of control is not specific to schizophrenia and after the acute phase is not associated with one particular diagnostic group. A more external locus of control is significantly related to fewer periods of recovery, to both depressed mood and psychosis, and to various aspects of personality.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
An internal locus of control is associated with increased treatment motivation, compliance and treatment adherence, and better treatment outcomes in individuals with serious mental illnesses.
“Furthermore, although it has not been studied in the context of digital interventions, an internal locus of control is associated with increased treatment motivation, compliance and treatment adherence, and better treatment outcomes in individuals with serious mental illnesses [135].”
From The therapeutic alliance in digital mental health interventions for serious mental illnesses: narrative review (2020) · cites this paper as [135]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Society and the Adolescent Self-Image
Rosenberg, M. (1965) · doi:10.1515/9781400876136 · Cited by 30,126 · see citing works
Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
Rotter, J. B. (1966) · Psychological Monographs: General and Applied · doi:10.1037/h0092976 · Cited by 21,937 · see citing works
Spitzer, R. L. (1978) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1978.01770300115013 · Cited by 6,946 · see citing works
Endicott, J. (1978) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1978.01770310043002 · Cited by 5,686 · see citing works
Hopelessness depression: A theory-based subtype of depression.
Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I., & Alloy, L. B. (1989) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037//0033-295x.96.2.358 · Cited by 3,722 · see citing works
Social Class and Mental Illness
Hunt, R. G., Hollingshead, A. B., & Redlich, F. C. (1959) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1420236 · Cited by 3,307 · see citing works
The happy personality: A meta-analysis of 137 personality traits and subjective well-being.
DeNeve, K. M., & Cooper, H. (1998) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.124.2.197 · Cited by 2,898 · see citing works
Social Class and Mental Illness: A Community Study
Hollingshead, A. B., & Redlich, F. C. (2007) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.97.10.1756 · Cited by 1,845 · see citing works
The Use of Psychological Testing for Treatment Planning and Outcome Assessment
Maruish, M. E., & Leahy, R. L. (2000) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.14.2.205 · Cited by 1,634 · see citing works
Judge, T. A., Erez, A., Bono, J. E., & Thoresen, C. J. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.3.693 · Cited by 1,480 · see citing works
Internal versus external control of reinforcement: A case history of a variable.
Rotter, J. B. (1990) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.45.4.489 · Cited by 1,256 · see citing works
The Prediction of Outcome in Schizophrenia
Strauss, J. S. (1972) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1972.01750300011002 · Cited by 795 · see citing works
Family Management in the Prevention of Morbidity of Schizophrenia
Falloon, I. R. H. (1985) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790320059008 · Cited by 587 · see citing works
Katz, M. M., & Lyerly, S. B. (1963) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1963.13.2.503 · Cited by 518 · see citing works
The SCL-90-R, Brief Symptom Inventory, and Matching Clinical Rating Scales.
Derogatis, L. R., & Savitz, K. L. (1999) · Cited by 511 · see citing works
Operational criteria and factors related to recovery from schizophrenia
Liberman, R. P., Kopelowicz, A. J., Ventura, J., & Gutkind, D. (2002) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/0954026021000016905 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Mental Health in the Metropolis
Murray, R. W., Srole, L., Langner, T. S., Michael, S. T., Opler, M. K., & Rennie, T. A. C. (1962) · The American Catholic Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/3709230 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Twenge, J. M., Zhang, L., & Im, C. (2004) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0803_5 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Harrow, M. (1990) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1990.01810190065009 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Self-citationAlloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Whitehouse, W. G., Hogan, M. E., Tashman, N. A., Steinberg, D. L., Rose, D. T., & Donovan, P. (1999) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00157-0 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Do Patients with Schizophrenia Ever Show Periods of Recovery? A 15-Year Multi-Follow-up Study
Harrow, M. (2005) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbi026 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Self-citationSymptoms of Depression in Adolescents With Epilepsy
Dunn, D. W., AUSTIN, J. K., & Huster, G. A. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199909000-00017 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Social Class and Mental Illness
Boon, J. P. L. (1958) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-195812000-00012 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Harrow, M., Grossman, L. S., Herbener, E. S., & Davies, E. W. (2000) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.177.5.421 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Prediction of Outcome in Schizophrenia IV
Carpenter, W. T., & Strauss, J. S. (1991) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199109000-00001 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Harrow, M., & Jobe, T. H. (2007) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000253783.32338.6e · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Self-citationAcceptance of the mental illness label by psychotic patients: Effects on functioning.
Warner, R., Taylor, D. O., Powers, M., & Hyman, J. (1989) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1989.tb01675.x · Cited by 161 · see citing works
A developmental approach to adult psychopathology
Zigler, E., & Glick, M. (2001) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e533162009-003 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Factors Consumers Identify as Important to Recovery from Schizophrenia
Tooth, B., Kalyanasundaram, V., Glover, H., & Momenzadah, S. (2003) · Australasian Psychiatry · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1665.11.s1.1.x · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Course and Outcome for Schizophrenia Versus Other Psychotic Patients: A Longitudinal Study
Harrow, M., Sands, J. R., Silverstein, M. L., & Goldberg, J. F. (1997) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/23.2.287 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citationDaniels, K., & Guppy, A. (1997) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/1076-8998.2.2.156 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Posthospital Course and Outcome in Schizophrenia
Carone, B. J. (1991) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810270059008 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Locus of control in psychiatric patients.
Harrow, M., & Ferrante, A. A. (1969) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0028292 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationGrossman, L. S., Harrow, M., Rosen, C., & Faull, R. L. M. (2006) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.57.6.844 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citationHopelessness and its impact on rehabilitation outcome in schizophrenia –an exploratory study
Hoffmann, H., Kupper, Z., & Kunz, B. (2000) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(99)00148-6 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
FOLLOW-UP STUDY OF FORMERLY HOSPITALIZED VOLUNTARY PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS: THE FIRST TWO YEARS
Levenstein, S., Klein, D. F., & Pollack, M. (1966) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.122.10.1102 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
McNaughton, M. E., Patterson, T. L., Smith, T. L., & Grant, I. (1995) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199502000-00003 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Myths and plain truths about schizophrenia epidemiology – the NAPE lecture 2004
McGrath, J. J. (2005) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2004.00467.x · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Poor me versus bad me paranoia and the instability of persecutory ideation
Melo, S. S., Taylor, J. L., & Bentall, R. P. (2006) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1348/147608305x52856 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Persistence and stability of delusions over time
Appelbaum, P. S., Robbins, P. C., & Vesselinov, R. M. (2004) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2004.06.001 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
(2008) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med:psych/9780199206315.001.0001 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Perceived control over events in the world in patients with eating disorders: a preliminary study
Dalgleish, T., Tchanturia, K., Serpell, L., Hems, S., de Silva, P., & Treasure, J. L. (2001) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(00)00150-1 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Clinical Research in Schizophrenia: A Multidimensional Approach
GRINKER, R. R., & Harrow, M. (1987) · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationMENTAL HEALTH IN THE METROPOLIS.
Srole, L., LANGNER, T. S., Michael, S. T., Opler, M. K., & Rennie, T. A. C. (1965) · PubMed · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Facilitators of psychosocial recovery from schizophrenia
Hoffmann, H., & Kupper, Z. (2002) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/0954026021000016932 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Attributional lability in depression and paranoia
Bentall, R. P., & Kaney, S. (2005) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466505x29602 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Followup of Psychotic Outpatients: Dimensions of Delusions and Work Functioning in Schizophrenia
Harrow, M., Herbener, E. S., Shanklin, A., Jobe, T. H., Rattenbury, F. R., & Kaplan, K. J. (2004) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007059 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationAssessing patient beliefs in a clinical trial ofHypericum perforatum in major depression
Bann, C. M., Parker, C. B., Bradwejn, J., Davidson, J. R. T., Vitiello, B., & Gadde, K. M. (2004) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20036 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Westermeyer, J. F., & Harrow, M. (1986) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.95.4.406 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationInterpersonal attributional biases in hallucinatory-prone individuals
Levine, E. (2003) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(02)00493-0 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Liberman, R. P. (2002) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/0954026021000016987 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Developmental Correlates of Age at First Hospitalization in Nonschizophrenic Psychiatric Patients
Glick, M., Zigler, E., & Zigler, B. (1985) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-198511000-00005 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Disordered verbalizations in Schizophrenia: a speech disturbance or thought disorder?
Harrow, M., O’Connell, E. M., Herbener, E. S., Altman, A., Kaplan, K. J., & Jobe, T. H. (2003) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0010-440x(03)00113-5 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationThought Disorder in Schizophrenia: Working Memory and Impaired Context
Harrow, M., Jobe, T. H., Herbener, E. S., Goldberg, J. F., & Kaplan, K. J. (2003) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000105994.78952.b6 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationLocus of control among schizophrenics and other hospitalized psychiatric patients.
Cash, T., & Jj, S. (1973) · PubMed · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Locus of Control and Suicidality
Lester, D. (1999) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1999.89.3.1042 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Archer, R. P. (1980) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.48.6.736 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Archer, R. P. (1980) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.48.6.736 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Prognosis of persecutory delusions in schizophrenia
Harrow, M., Jobe, T. H., & Astrachan-Fletcher, E. B. (2008) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med:psych/9780199206315.003.0004 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationBrabander, B. D., Gerits, P., & Hellemans, J. (1997) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1997.80.3c.1227 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Bender, A. W. (2019) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Fenster, C. A., & Locke, B. (1973) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/1097-4679(197301)29:1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 63 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Hansford B Harrow M Groen E Kaplan K Faull R 2004 Is external locus of control related to schizophrenia, global outcome, and major psychopathology? Scientific Proceedings of the 2004th Annual Meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association 83
- Shirk H Harrow M Jobe T Grossman L Carter C Faull R 2005 The relationship of stress and anxiety in schizophrenia to psychosis: A 20-year multi-followup study Scientific Proceedings of the 2005 Annual Meeting for the Midwestern Psychological Association 109
- Telesh K 2003 Relationships between a multidimensional construct of insight into mental illness, duration of illness, and locus of control Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering 64 433
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Tremain, H., McEnery, C., Fletcher, K., & Murray, G. (2020) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/17204 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Harrow, M., Jobe, T. H., & Faull, R. N. (2012) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291712000220 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Self-citationLaplante-Lévesque, A., Hickson, L. M. H., & Worrall, L. E. (2011) · Ear and Hearing · doi:10.1097/aud.0b013e31822c26dc · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Culpin, I., Stapinski, L. A., Miles, Ö. B., Araya, R., & Joinson, C. J. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.030 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Montag, C., Haase, L., Seidel, D., Bayerl, M., Gallinat, J., Herrmann, U., & Dannecker, K. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112348 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Wade, M., Tai, S., Awenat, Y. F., & Haddock, G. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.10.009 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Social support in depression: structural and functional factors, perceived control and help-seeking
Kleinberg, A., Aluoja, A., & Vasar, V. (2013) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796013000504 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Stress-sensitive inference of task controllability
Ligneul, R., Mainen, Z. F., Ly, V., & Cools, R. (2022) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-022-01306-w · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Psychosocial and neuropsychiatric predictors of subjective recovery from psychosis
Morrison, A. P., Shryane, N. M., Beck, R., Heffernan, S., Law, H., McCusker, M., & Bentall, R. P. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.05.008 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Morris, L., Mansell, W., Williamson, T., Alison Wray, A., & McEvoy, P. (2018) · Dementia · doi:10.1177/1471301218805329 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Asberg, K. K., & Renk, K. (2012) · International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x12461477 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Morris, L., Lovell, K., McEvoy, P., Emsley, R., Carter, L., Edge, D., Bates, R., Wallwork, T., & Mansell, W. (2023) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2022.2143418 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Lysaker, P. H., Roe, D., & Buck, K. D. (2010) · Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association · doi:10.1177/1078390309353943 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Pu, J., Hou, H., & Ma, R. (2015) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-015-9397-8 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Schizophrenia Course, Long-Term Outcome, Recovery, and Prognosis
Jobe, T. H., & Harrow, M. (2010) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721410378034 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationPryce, C. R., Azzinnari, D., Sigrist, H., Gschwind, T., Lesch, K., & Seifritz, E. (2011) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.08.012 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Gross, J., Vancampfort, D., Stubbs, B., Gorczynski, P., & Soundy, A. (2016) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2015.1024343 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Schmidt, S. J., Grunert, V.-M., SCHIMMELMANN, B. G., Schultze‐Lutter, F., & Michel, C. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.04.045 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Externalized attributional bias in the Ultra High Risk (UHR) for psychosis population
Thompson, A. D., Papas, A., Bartholomeusz, C., Nelson, B., & Yung, A. R. (2012) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.10.017 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Nowicki, S., Iles‐Caven, Y., Gregory, S., Ellis, G. L., & Golding, J. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00546 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Don’t let it get to you! A moderated mediated approach to the (in)justice–health relationship.
Eib, C., Schwarz, U. V. T., & Blom, V. (2015) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0039005 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Iles‐Caven, Y., Gregory, S., Ellis, G. L., Golding, J., & Nowicki, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01462 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Urban Annoyances and Mental Health in the City of Lahore, Pakistan
Khan, N. Y., Ghafoor, N., Iftikhar, R., & Malik, M. (2011) · Journal of Urban Affairs · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9906.2011.00585.x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Holley, J., Weaver, T. D., & Vӧllm, B. (2020) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-020-00358-7 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Voluntary control of auditory hallucinations: phenomenology to therapeutic implications
Swyer, A., & Powers, A. R. (2020) · Schizophrenia · doi:10.1038/s41537-020-0106-8 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Palaniyappan, L. K. (2019) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.180038 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Working Alliance in Patients with Severe Mental Illness Who Need a Crisis Intervention Plan
Ruchlewska, A., Kamperman, A. M., van der Gaag, M., Wierdsma, A. I., & Mulder, N. C. L. (2016) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-015-9839-7 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Vaaler, A. E., Morken, G., Iversen, V. C., Kondziella, D., & Linaker, O. M. (2010) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/1471-2377-10-67 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Recovery From Schizophrenia in Community-Based Psychosocial Rehabilitation Settings
Lim, C. S. F., Barrio, C., Hernández, M., Barragán, A., & Brekke, J. S. (2015) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/1049731515588597 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Lincoln, S. H., Norkett, E. M., Frost, K. H., Gonzalez–Heydrich, J., & D’Angelo, E. J. (2017) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000125 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Allen, J., Burbach, F., & Reibstein, J. (2012) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.2011.02057.x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
van Dijk, F. V., Schirmbeck, F., Boyette, L., & de Haan, L. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.020 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Morrison, A. P., Law, H., Barrowclough, C., Bentall, R. P., Haddock, G., Jones, S. H., Kilbride, M., Pitt, E., Shryane, N. M., Tarrier, N., et al. (2016) · Programme Grants for Applied Research · doi:10.3310/pgfar04050 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Goghari, V. M., & Harrow, M. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.03.050 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationClassifying Mood Symptom Trajectories in Adolescents With Bipolar Disorder
Weintraub, M. J., Schneck, C. D., Axelson, D., Birmaher, B. B., Kowatch, R. A., & Miklowitz, D. J. (2019) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2019.04.028 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Surmann, M., von Gruchalla, L., Falke, S., Maisch, B., Uhlmann, C., Bock, E., Arolt, V., & Lencer, R. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.05.053 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Gómez-de-Regil, L. (2014) · The Scientific World JOURNAL · doi:10.1155/2014/969867 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Millman, Z. B., Weintraub, M. J., Bentley, E., DeVylder, J., Mittal, V. A., Pitts, S. C., Thompson, E., Demro, C., Reeves, G. M., & Schiffman, J. E. (2016) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2016.12.006 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Lee, S. J., Lawrence, R. J., Bryce, S., Ponsford, J. L., Tan, E. J., & Rossell, S. L. (2019) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2019.1581355 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Towards a neurocomputational account of social controllability: From models to mental health
Na, S., Rhoads, S. A., Yu, A. N. C., Fiore, V. G., & Gu, X. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105139 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Morris, L., Mansell, W., Emsley, R., Bates, R., Comiskey, J., Pistorius, E., & McEvoy, P. (2016) · Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12070 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Places Change Minds: Exploring the Psychology of Urbanicity Using a Brief Contemplation Method
Corcoran, R., Mansfield, R., Giokas, T., Hawkins, A., Bamford, L., & Marshall, G. (2017) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244017707004 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Spaulding, W. D., Montague, E., Avila, A., & Sullivan, M. E. (2016) · Evidence-based practices in behavioral health · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-40537-7_1 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Religiosity and Spirituality of patients with severe mental disorders
Grover, S., Dua, D., Chakrabarti, S., & Avasthi, A. (2021) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_87_20 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Fornells‐Ambrojo, M., Craig, T., & Garety, P. A. (2013) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796013000103 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Alexithymia and Locus of Control among Psychiatric Outpatients
Hungr, C., Ogrodniczuk, J. S., & Söchting, I. (2016) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-016-9687-x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The relationship between mental toughness and subjective mental illness recovery
Ramshaw, G., & Clair‐Thompson, H. S. (2021) · New Ideas in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2021.100881 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Nowicki, S., Gregory, S., Ellis, G. L., Iles‐Caven, Y., & Golding, J. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00120 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Sullivan, S. A., Yamasaki, S., Ando, S., Endo, K., Kasai, K., Culpin, I., Dardani, C., Zammit, S., & Nishida, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.600941 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Illusory Control in Schizophrenia
Moritz, S., Thompson, S. C. G., & Andreou, C. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.5127/jep.036113 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Nowicki, S., Gregory, S., Ellis, G. L., Iles‐Caven, Y., & Golding, J. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01427 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Hutcheson, C., Fleming, M. P., & Martin, C. R. (2014) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/jpm.12160 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Major depression in Estonia: prevalence, associated factors, and use of health services
Kleinberg, A. (2014) · DSpace repository (University of Tartu) · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Iles‐Caven, Y., Golding, J., Ellis, G. L., Gregory, S., & Nowicki, S. (2018) · Data in Brief · doi:10.1016/j.dib.2018.07.014 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Schizophrenia, Recovery, and Culture
Tirupati, S., & Ramachandran, P. (2022) · Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_178_21 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Rinaldi, G., Osman, N., Kaess, M., SCHIMMELMANN, B. G., Kindler, J., Schultze‐Lutter, F., & Michel, C. (2023) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2457 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Lançon, C. (2010) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/s0013-7006(10)70041-5 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Stress-sensitive inference of task controllabilityPreprint
Ligneul, R., Mainen, Z. F., Ly, V., & Cools, R. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.11.19.390393 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Humans Use Forward Thinking to Exert Social ControlPreprint
Na, S., Chung, D., Hula, A., Jung, J., Fiore, V. G., Dayan, P., & Gu, X. (2019) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.1101/737353 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Wolfe, R. M., Beck-Felts, K., Speakar, B., & Spaulding, W. (2022) · Behavioral Science · doi:10.3390/bs12070240 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Perceived stress, the locus of control and self-acceptance: theoretical and empirical approaches
Strizhitskaya, O. Y. (2019) · Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University Psychology · doi:10.21638/11701/spbu16.2019.102 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Heinecke-Müller, M., Quaiser-Pohl, C. M., Kariuki, P. W., & Arasa, J. N. (2022) · Open Psychology · doi:10.1515/psych-2022-0004 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Liens entre la dépression et la dépendance interpersonnelle : l’importance du locus de contrôle
Versaevel, C., Martin, J.-B., & Lajugie, C. (2016) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/j.encep.2015.12.014 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Prevalence and Correlates of Disability Among a Sample of Victimized Women on Probation and Parole
Smith, K. E., Bunting, A. M., Golder, S., Hall, M. T., Higgins, G. E., & Logan, T. (2019) · Journal of Correctional Health Care · doi:10.1177/1078345819833387 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“It's Not Serious”: A threat‐based model to help‐seeking for depression
Peterson, A. L., Chen, J. I., & Karver, M. S. (2019) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/jpm.12512 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Abdulrahman, A., Ramadan, M., Abdelmaksoud, A., & Ibrahim, A. (2019) · International Journal of Medical Arts · doi:10.21608/ijma.2019.17578.1034 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Rehn-Groenendijk, J., Chrysikou, E. G., & Müller, H. (2022) · Design for Health · doi:10.1080/24735132.2022.2143157 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Mostowik, J., Cyranka, K., Mielimąka, M., Ostrowski, T., & Rutkowski, K. (2018) · Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.12740/app/80756 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Koutsoumpari, N., Algermissen, J., Yaakub, S. N., den Ouden, H. E. M., Bault, N., & Fouragnan, E. F. (2026) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3003767 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Tepper, M. C., Berger, R., Byrne, S., Smiley, J., Mooney, M., Lindner, E., Hinde, J. L., & Korn, P. (2013) · Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.1037/h0094977 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Weintraub, M. J., de Mamani, A. W., & Tawfik, S. H. (2016) · Revista Interamericana de Psicología/Interamerican Journal of Psychology · doi:10.30849/rip/ijp.v49i3.45 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Omitted Variables in the Geographical Treatment of Well-Being and Happiness
Simandan, D. (2014) · Geography Journal · doi:10.1155/2014/150491 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Potes, A., Gagnon, G., Touré, E. H., & Perreault, M. (2016) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-016-9416-4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Sense of mastery in first-episode psychosis—a one-year follow-up study
Lindgren, M., Therman, S., From, T., Hietala, J. A., Laurikainen, H., Salokangas, R. K. R., & Suvisaari, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1200669 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zamperoni, G., Neill, E., Rossell, S. L., & Tan, E. J. (2021) · Psychosis · doi:10.1080/17522439.2021.1942961 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Wang, X., & Xin, Z. (2023) · Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology · doi:10.1177/18344909231164770 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kırpınar, M. M., & Demirel, Ö. F. (2024) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/pra.0000000000000755 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
RELATION BETWEEN QUALITY OF LIFE AND LOCUS OF CONTROL AMONG SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS
Mahmoud, A., Ali, S., & Bassma, M. (2021) · Port Said Scientific Journal of Nursing · doi:10.21608/pssjn.2021.74066.1104 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Individuals with Schizophrenia: A Recovery Approach
Dopke, C. A., & Batscha, C. L. (2014) · American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/15487768.2013.876458 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kdo a co řídí české adolescenty?
Dolejš, M., Zemanová, V., & Vavrysová, L. (2018) · doi:10.5507/ff.18.24454252 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Girişimcilik eğiliminin bireysel öncüllerinin incelenmesi
Avcı, M., & Ardıç, K. (2022) · Sakarya Üniversitesi İşletme Enstitüsü Dergisi · doi:10.47542/sauied.1134008 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
DEVELOPING SYSTEMICALLY-ORIENTED SECONDARY CARE MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES
Burbach, F. (2013) · doi:10.24382/1443 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Locus of control and quality of life in individuals with schizotypy
Paulbeck, R. (2013) · Rowan Digitals Works (Rowan University) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Parental locus of control and the failure to obtain a child diagnosis: a longitudinal cohort study
Nowicki, S., Rai, D., Gregory, S., Iles‐Caven, Y., Ellis, G. L., & Golding, J. (2020) · Wellcome Open Research · doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15923.1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Fekih‐Romdhane, F., Ounis, R., Cheour, M., & Hallit, S. R. (2024) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-024-01337-6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Alper, S. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_1871 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Transition ability to safe states reduces fear responses to heightPreprint
Haruno, M., & Fujino, M. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/r7p6w · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sintomatología ansioso depresiva y su relación con la temporalidad
Gutiérrez, D. J. G. (2010) · doi:10.14201/gredos.76492
Khalil, H. (2016) · University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire) · doi:10.18745/th.17113
The Role of Threat-based Beliefs in Mental Health Help-Seeking Processes for Depression
Chen, J. I. (2016) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida)
The cognitive and behavioural consequences of psychotic experiences
Tully, S. (2017) · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)
Understanding recovery in psychosis
Law, H. (2014) · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)
A social construction of remission for people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia
Ford, K. (2018) · Mental Health and Social Inclusion · doi:10.1108/mhsi-02-2018-0009
A Study On The Locus Of Control In Patients With Depression And Anxiety
Joshi, N. (2016) · Indian Journal of Mental Health(IJMH) · doi:10.30877/ijmh.3.2.2016.197-201
Mixed methods investigation of distress related to psychosis experiences
Akoral, M. (2019) · Queen Margaret University Publications Repository (Queen Margaret University)
Kuchler, D. (2020) · ScholarWorks (Central Washington University)
Neurological Reflections on Social Stigma
Lanata, S. (2020) · Peace Review · doi:10.1080/10402659.2020.1867355
Liminal Space of First-Episode Psychosis: Health Management and Its Effect on Social Participation
Fox, V., & Bailliard, A. (2021) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.2021.046953
- Authors
- Harrow, M., Hansford, B. G., & Astrachan-Fletcher, E. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Georgetown University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Harrow, Martin
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 168
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 186-192
- ISSN
- 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2754306
- OpenAlex
- W2048657700
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-068688, MH 26341, R37MH026341, R01MH068688)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Keywords
- locus of control, schizophrenia, depression, psychosis, recovery, personality, long-term outcomes, severe mental illness
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Personality, Prognosis, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Time Factors, Disease Progression, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
