Cited by 116Schizophrenia research and treatmentMental Health and PsychiatryPersonality Traits and Psychology

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Locus of control: Relation to schizophrenia, to recovery, and to depression and psychosis — A 15-year longitudinal study

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Harrow, Martin, Hansford, Barry G., Astrachan-Fletcher, Ellen B.·2009·Psychiatry Research

DOI 10.1016/j.psychres.2008.06.002PMC PMC2754306

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Abstract

The present prospectively designed 15-year longitudinal research was conducted to study whether locus of control is linked to diagnosis, to major symptoms, to functioning and recovery, and to personality for schizophrenia patients, depressive patients, and patients with other major disorders. The research studied 128 patients from the Chicago Follow-up Study at the acute phase and reassessed them 5 times over a 15-year period. Patients were evaluated on locus of control, global outcome, recovery, premorbid developmental achievements, psychosis, diagnosis, depression, and personality variables. 1) After the acute phase, schizophrenia patients were not more external than other diagnostic groups. 2) Internality is significantly associated with increased recovery in schizophrenia. 3) A more external locus of control was significantly related to depression. 4) The relationship between externality and psychosis was significant. In severe psychiatric disorders a more external locus of control is not specific to schizophrenia and after the acute phase is not associated with one particular diagnostic group. A more external locus of control is significantly related to fewer periods of recovery, to both depressed mood and psychosis, and to various aspects of personality.

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Authors: Harrow, M., Hansford, B. G., & Astrachan-Fletcher, E. B.
Affiliations: University of Illinois Chicago (US)
Georgetown University (US)
Corresponding author: Harrow, Martin
Venue: Psychiatry Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2009-08
Volume: 168
Issue: 3
Pages: 186-192
ISSN: 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2008.06.002
PMC: PMC2754306
OpenAlex: W2048657700
Cited by: 116
References: 63
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 2.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (MH-068688, MH 26341, R37MH026341, R01MH068688)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Keywords: locus of control, schizophrenia, depression, psychosis, recovery, personality, long-term outcomes, severe mental illness
MeSH terms: Adult, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Personality, Prognosis, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Time Factors, Disease Progression, Young Adult

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Locus of control: Relation to schizophrenia, to recovery, and to depression and psychosis — A 15-year longitudinal study

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