Complex PTSD and intergenerational transmission of distress and resilience among Tutsi genocide survivors and their offspring: A preliminary report
Abstract
The research on survivors of genocide has focused on PTSD, but complex PTSD (CPTSD) and its potential effect on intergenerational transmission are understudied. This study assessed complex PTSD and resilience among Tutsi genocide survivors (n = 60, mean age = 52.27 [SD = 6.27]) and their offspring (n = 60, mean age = 21.21 [SD = 1.78]). Offspring of parents suffering from PTSD or CPTSD reported more secondary traumatization symptoms relative to offspring of parents without PTSD (p < 0.0001). Moreover, parental CPTSD was related to lower resilience among both survivors and offspring (p < 0.0001). The current findings suggest that parental CPTSD may have broader influences manifested in offspring lower resilience.
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Parents with PTSD have offspring with more secondary traumatized symptoms compared to offspring of parents without PTSD.
“For example, parents with PTSD have been shown to have offspring with more secondary traumatized symptoms compared to offspring of parents without PTSD [62].”
Increasing evidence suggests that stress and trauma experienced by one generation can be passed down and influence the health of subsequent generations.
“Increasing evidence suggests the potential that stress and trauma experienced by one generation can be passed down and influence the health of the subsequent generation/s.”
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“Epigenetic disruption has been clearly implicated in cancer, aging, and a range of complex diseases, including psychiatric disorders, such as depression [33] and PTSD [34,35].”
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- Authors
- Shrira, A., Mollov, B., & Mudahogora, C.
- Affiliations
- Bar-Ilan University (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Shrira, Amit
- ORCID
- Shrira, Amit
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-01
- Volume
- 271
- Pages
- 121-123
- ISSN
- 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2900806045
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 3.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Memory, violence, and history
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Keywords
- complex PTSD, intergenerational transmission, resilience, genocide survivors, offspring, secondary traumatic stress, parental trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Burundi, Ethnicity, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Parents, Rwanda, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Child of Impaired Parents, Intergenerational Relations, Survivors, Resilience, Psychological, Young Adult, Genocide
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