Cited by 528Stress Responses and CortisolHeart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlAdrenal Hormones and Disorders

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Psychological determinants of the cortisol stress response: the role of anticipatory cognitive appraisal

Gaab, J., Rohleder, N., Nater, U.M., Ehlert, U.·2005·Psychoneuroendocrinology

DOI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.02.001

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Abstract

Psychosocial stress is a potent activator of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. While the physiological mechanisms of HPA axis responses to stress as well as its short and long-term consequences have been extensively examined, less is known why someone elicits an acute neuroendocrine stress response, i.e. what are the psychological processes involved and how are they related to the acute neuroendocrine stress response. To examine this question, a questionnaire to assess anticipatory cognitive appraisal processes was developed and administered to 81 male healthy subjects in a standardized psychosocial stress situation (Trier social stress test). Cortisol stress responses were assessed with repeated measurement of salivary free cortisol. Hierarchical regression analyses show that anticipatory cognitive appraisal, in contrast to general personality factors and retrospective stress appraisal is an important determinant of the cortisol stress response, explaining up to 35% of the variance of the salivary cortisol response. The reported results emphasize the importance of psychological stress processing for the understanding of psychobiological stress responses. Since stress and its biological consequences have been shown to be associated with the onset and the maintenance of somatic illnesses and psychiatric disorders, psychological processes are prime targets for prevention and intervention.

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Background
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Authors: Gaab, J., Rohleder, N., Nater, U. M., & Ehlert, U.
Affiliations: University of Zurich (CH)
Technische Universität Dresden (DE)
Corresponding author: Gaab, J.
ORCID: Gaab, J.
Rohleder, N.
Nater, U.M.
Venue: Psychoneuroendocrinology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2005-07
Volume: 30
Issue: 6
Pages: 599-610
ISSN: 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.02.001
OpenAlex: W2127489014
Semantic Scholar: a4c567417bbe11d8a1eae0382df723e6326e0329
Cited by: 525
References: 43
Citations by year: 2026: 31 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 26
FWCI: 7.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Foundation for Research in Science and the Humanities
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Keywords: cortisol stress response, psychosocial stress, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, salivary cortisol, Trier Social Stress Test, stress appraisal, personality factors, neuroendocrine stress response
MeSH terms: Adult, Cognition, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Male, Neurosecretory Systems, Personality, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Regression Analysis, Saliva, Stress, Psychological, Comprehension

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Psychological determinants of the cortisol stress response: the role of anticipatory cognitive appraisal

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