Changes in cortisol secretion during antidepressive treatment and cognitive improvement in patients with major depression: a longitudinal study
Abstract
Objectives We have previously reported that cognitive deficits are cross-sectionally associated with elevated cortisol in depressed patients. Here, we longitudinally examined if changes in cortisol secretion during treatment are associated with improvement of cognition.Methods Cognitive function and salivary cortisol levels were longitudinally examined in 52 patients with major depression before and after 3 weeks of standardized selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and an add-on treatment modulating the mineralocorticoid receptor and compared to a healthy control group (n=50) matched for age, gender and years of education.Results Across add-on treatment groups, SSRI treatment reduced salivary cortisol in patients to levels of healthy controls (time×group interaction p=.05). In patients, reduction of cortisol significantly correlated with improvement in depressive symptoms (r=.52, p<.01), speed of information processing (r=.50, p<.01), and cognitive set-shifting (r=.34, p=.03). Improved depressive symptoms were only associated with improved attention and working memory.Conclusions Improvement of some cognitive domains during SSRI treatment was associated with decreasing cortisol secretion and was only to a lesser extent associated with improved depressive symptoms.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The HPA axis appears to become less responsive with aging, contributing to the dysregulation of stress responses and the resultant development of cognitive decline.
“Essentially, the HPA axis appears to become less responsive with aging, contributing to the dysregulation of stress responses and the resultant development of cognitive decline (111, 112).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [112]
Cites
(1998) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · Cited by 19,139 · see citing works
The mini international neuropsychiatric interview
Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, D. V., Hergueta, T., & Weiller, E. (1998) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0924-9338(99)80239-9 · Cited by 5,882 · see citing works
Stress and the brain: from adaptation to disease
de Kloet, E. R., Joëls, M., & Holsboer, F. (2005) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1683 · Cited by 4,621 · see citing works
Pruessner, J. C., Kirschbaum, C., Meinlschmid, G., & Hellhammer, D. H. (2003) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(02)00108-7 · Cited by 3,638 · see citing works
Neuropsychological assessment.
Lisa Cipolotti, A., & Warrington, E. K. (1995) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.58.6.655 · Cited by 3,234 · see citing works
Le test de copie d'une figure complexe
Osterrieth, P. M. (1944) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,617 · see citing works
Cubillo, I. S., Periañez, J. A., Adrover‐Roig, D., Rodríguez-Sánchez, J. M., Lago, M. R., Ustárroz, J. T., & Barceló, F. (2009) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617709090626 · Cited by 1,381 · see citing works
The cortisol awakening response (CAR): Facts and future directions
Fries, E., Dettenborn, L., & Kirschbaum, C. (2009) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.03.014 · Cited by 1,188 · see citing works
Stetler, C., & Miller, G. E. (2011) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31820ad12b · Cited by 1,123 · see citing works
The acute effects of corticosteroids on cognition: integration of animal and human model studies
LUPIEN, S., & MCEWEN, B. (1997) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(97)00004-0 · Cited by 1,024 · see citing works
Kirschbaum, C., Wolf, O. T., May, M., Wippich, W., & Hellhammer, D. H. (1996) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(96)00118-x · Cited by 815 · see citing works
Major depressive disorder and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity
Vreeburg, S. A., Hoogendijk, W. J. G., van Pelt, J., DeRijk, R. H., Verhagen, J. C. M., van Dyck, R., Smit, J. H., Zitman, F. G., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2009) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.50 · Cited by 792 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Differences in cortisol level between patients and healthy subjects as well as correlations might have been even more pronounced using this measure (Vreeburg et al., 2009).”
BackgroundLe test de copie d'une figure complexe ; Contribution al'etude de la perception et la memoire
Osterrieth, P. M. (1944) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 779 · see citing works
Decreased memory performance in healthy humans induced by stress-level cortisol treatment
Newcomer, J. W. (1999) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.6.527 · Cited by 546 · see citing works
Hippocampal volume, memory, and cortisol status in major depressive disorder: Effects of treatment
Vythilingam, M., Vermetten, E., Anderson, G. M., Luckenbaugh, D., Anderson, E. R., Snow, J., Staib, L. H., Charney, D. S., & Bremner, J. D. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.04.002 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
O'Brien, J. T. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.11.2081 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Stress, genes and the mechanism of programming the brain for later life
de Kloet, E. R., Sibug, R. M., Helmerhorst, F. M., & Schmidt, M. V. (2004) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.10.008 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Young, A. H., Gallagher, P., Watson, S., Del-Estal, D., Owen, B. M., & Nicol Ferrier, I. (2004) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300471 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Knorr, U., Vinberg, M., Kessing, L. V., & Wetterslev, J. (2010) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.04.001 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Belanoff, J. K., Gross, K., Yager, A., & Schatzberg, A. F. (2001) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3956(01)00018-8 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Hippocampal volume, spectroscopy, cognition, and mood in patients receiving corticosteroid therapy
Brown, E. S., Woolston, D. J., Frol, A. B., Bobadilla, L., Khan, D. A., Hanczyc, M., Rush, A. J., Fleckenstein, J., Babcock, E. E., & Cullum, C. M. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.09.010 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Young, A. H., Sahakian, B. J., Robbins, T. W., & Cowen, P. J. (1999) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130051057 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Demakis, G. J. (2004) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803390490510149 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Cognitive Impairment in Major Depression: Association with Salivary Cortisol
Hinkelmann, K., Moritz, S., Botzenhardt, J., Riedesel, K., Wiedemann, K., Kellner, M. B., & Otte, C. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.06.023 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Self-citationElevated Cortisol Levels in Cushing’s Disease Are Associated With Cognitive Decrements
Starkman, M. N., Giordani, B., Berent, S., Schork, M. A., & SCHTEINGART, D. E. (2001) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200111000-00018 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Cognitive decline in patients with Cushing's syndrome
Forget, H., Lacroix, A., Somma, M., & Cohen, H. (2000) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617700611037 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Improvement in learning associated with increase in hippocampal formation volume
Starkman, M. N., Giordani, B., Gebarski, S. S., & SCHTEINGART, D. E. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01750-x · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Reppermund, S., Zihl, J., Lucae, S., Horstmann, S., Kloiber, S., Holsboer, F., & Ising, M. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.09.027 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Otte, C., Hinkelmann, K., Moritz, S., Yassouridis, A., Jahn, H., Wiedemann, K., & Kellner, M. (2010) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.10.006 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationThe impact of treatment on HPA axis activity in unipolar major depression
McKay, M. S., & Zakzanis, K. K. (2010) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.07.012 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Hook, J. N., Giordani, B., SCHTEINGART, D. E., Guire, K. E., GILES, J., RYAN, K., Gebarski, S. S., Langenecker, S. A., & Starkman, M. N. (2006) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617707070051 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Zobel, A. W., Schulze-Rauschenbach, S., von Widdern, O. C., Metten, M., Freymann, N., Grasmäder, K., Pfeiffer, U., Schnell, S., Wagner, M., & Maier, W. (2004) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2003.12.002 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Neuropsychological changes and treatment response in severe depression
Douglas, K. M., Porter, R., Knight, R. G., & Maruff, P. T. (2011) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.080713 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Michelson, D., Amsterdam, J. D., Apter, J. T., D, M. F. M., Londborg, P. D., Tamura, R., & Pagh, L. M. (2000) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(99)00046-3 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 37 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Depression in sleep disturbance: A review on a bidirectional relationship, mechanisms and treatment
Fang, H., Tu, S., Sheng, J., & Shao, A. (2019) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.14170 · Cited by 1,152 · see citing works
Depression and cardiovascular disease: Epidemiological evidence on their linking mechanisms
Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.003 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Joseph, J. J., & Golden, S. H. (2017) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.13217 · Cited by 574 · see citing works
Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
Rusch, J. A., Layden, B. T., & Dugas, L. R. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1130689 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
HPA axis and aging in depression: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Belvederi Murri, M., Pariante, C., Mondelli, V., Masotti, M., Atti, A. R., Mellacqua, Z., Antonioli, M., Ghio, L., Menchetti, M., Zanetidou, S., et al. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.12.004 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Sleep Disturbances in Depression
Murphy, M. J., & Peterson, M. J. (2014) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2014.11.009 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Cortisol as a Biomarker of Mental Disorder Severity
Dziurkowska, E., & Wesołowski, M. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10215204 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Examining the role of neuroinflammation in major depression
Furtado, M., & Katzman, M. A. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.06.009 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
The role of exercise in the treatment of depression: biological underpinnings and clinical outcomes
Ross, R. E., VanDerwerker, C. J., Saladin, M. E., & Gregory, C. M. (2023) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01819-w · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Neuroinflammatory pathways in anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and obsessive compulsive disorders
Furtado, M., & Katzman, M. A. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.05.036 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Cortisol and antidepressant effects of yoga
Thirthalli, J., Naveen, G., Rao, M., Varambally, S. S., Christopher, R., & Gangadhar, B. N. (2013) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/0019-5545.116315 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
The etiology of poststroke-depression: a hypothesis involving HPA axis
Zhou, L., Wang, T., Yu, Y., Li, M., Sun, X., Song, W., Wang, Y., Zhang, C., & Fu, F. (2022) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113146 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Jarcho, M. R., Slavich, G. M., Tylova-Stein, H., Wolkowitz, O. M., & Burke, H. M. (2013) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.01.018 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Galvão, A. C. D. M., de Almeida, R. N., Silva, E. A. D. S., Freire, F. A. D. M., Palhano-Fontes, F., Onias, H., Arcoverde, E., Maia‐de‐Oliveira, J. P., de Araújo, D. B., Soares, B. L., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00185 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Cognitive Effects of Pharmacotherapy for Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review
Keefe, R. S. E., McClintock, S. M., Roth, R. M., Doraiswamy, P. M., Tiger, S., & Madhoo, M. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.13r08609 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Ryan, R., Booth, S., Spathis, A., Mollart, S., & Clow, A. (2016) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-015-9753-9 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Hinkelmann, K., Muhtz, C., Dettenborn, L., Agorastos, A., Wingenfeld, K., Spitzer, C., Gao, W., Kirschbaum, C., Wiedemann, K., & Otte, C. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.04.021 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationAlexander, N., Wankerl, M., Hennig, J., Miller, R., Zänkert, S., Steudte-Schmiedgen, S., Stalder, T., & Kirschbaum, C. (2014) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2014.88 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Hilbert, K., Lueken, U., Muehlhan, M., & Beesdo‐Baum, K. (2017) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.633 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Shen, J.-D., Ma, L., Hu, C., Pei, Y.-Y., Jin, S.-L., Fang, X., & Li, Y. (2016) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2016.01.002 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Circadian Clocks as Modulators of Metabolic Comorbidity in Psychiatric Disorders
Barandas, R., Landgraf, D., McCarthy, M. J., & Welsh, D. K. (2015) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-015-0637-2 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Role of mineralocorticoid receptors on the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis in humans
Berardelli, R., Karamouzis, I., D’Angelo, V., Zichi, C., Fussotto, B., Giordano, R., Ghigo, E., & Arvat, E. (2012) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-012-9750-8 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Mood‐related central and peripheral clocks
Ketchesin, K. D., Becker‐Krail, D. D., & McClung, C. A. (2018) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.14253 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Maternal prenatal hair cortisol is associated with prenatal depressive symptom trajectories
Mustonen, P., Karlsson, L., Kataja, E., Scheinin, N. M., Kortesluoma, S., Coimbra, B., Rodrigues, A. J., Sousa, N., & Karlsson, H. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104383 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Mineralocorticoid receptor function and cognition in health and disease
Wingenfeld, K., & Otte, C. (2018) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.09.010 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationFlandreau, E. I., Bourke, C. H., Ressler, K. J., Vale, W., Nemeroff, C. B., & Owens, M. J. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.11.020 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
O’Connell, C. P., Goldstein‐Piekarski, A. N., Nemeroff, C. B., Schatzberg, A. F., DeBattista, C., Carrillo‐Roa, T., Binder, E. B., Dunlop, B. W., Craighead, W. E., Mayberg, H. S., et al. (2017) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17020172 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Høifødt, R. S., Waterloo, K. K., Wang, C. E. A., Eisemann, M. R., Figenschau, Y., & Halvorsen, M. B. (2018) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.08.024 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Are neuropeptides relevant for the mechanism of action of SSRIs?
Gołyszny, M. J., & Obuchowicz, E. (2019) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/j.npep.2019.02.002 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Psychotropic medication effects on cortisol: Implications for research and mechanisms of drug action
Subramaniam, A., LoPilato, A. M., & Walker, E. F. (2019) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2019.06.023 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Hyperinsulinemia Associated Depression
Sarwar, H., Rafiqi, S. I., Ahmad, S., Jinna, S., Khan, S. A., Karim, T., Qureshi, O., Zahid, Z. A., Elhai, J. D., Levine, J. C., et al. (2022) · Clinical Medicine Insights Endocrinology and Diabetes · doi:10.1177/11795514221090244 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Sigurðsson, B., Palsson, S. P., Aevarsson, Ó., Ólafsdóttir, M., & Jóhannsson, M. (2014) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/08039488.2014.898791 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Association between cortisol awakening response and memory function in major depression
Hinkelmann, K., Muhtz, C., Dettenborn, L., Agorastos, A., Moritz, S., Wingenfeld, K., Spitzer, C., Gold, S. M., Wiedemann, K., & Otte, C. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713000287 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationChristley, Y., Duffy, T., Everall, I., & Martin, C. R. (2013) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-013-0353-8 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Gender Differences in Cortisol and Cortisol Receptors in Depression: A Narrative Review
Teo, C. H., Wong, A. C. H., Sivakumaran, R. N., Parhar, I. S., & Soga, T. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24087129 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Cognitive functioning and cortisol profiles in first episode major depression
Hansson, P. B., Murison, R. C. C., Lund, A., & Hammar, Å. (2015) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12230 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Thomas, S. J., & Larkin, T. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00971 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Larkin, D. T., & Martin, C. R. (2017) · Neurophysiologie Clinique · doi:10.1016/j.neucli.2017.01.012 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Molecular Connections Between Circadian Clocks and Mood-related Behaviors
Albrecht, U. (2019) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2019.11.021 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Kang, Y., Shin, D., Kim, A., You, S., Kim, B., Han, K., & Ham, B. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.071 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
de la Tremblaye, P. B., & Plamondon, H. (2016) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.07.001 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Behnken, A., Bellingrath, S., Symanczik, J.-P., Rieck, M. J., Zavorotnyy, M., Domschke, K., Arolt, V., & Zwanzger, P. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.07.005 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Effects of Urban Forest Therapy Program on Depression Patients
Yeon, P., Kim, I.-O., Kang, S.-N., Lee, N.-E., Kim, G.-Y., Min, G.-M., Chung, C.-Y., Lee, J.-S., Kim, J.-G., & Shin, W.-S. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20010507 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Xu, H., 王宇行, Wang, Y. M., Cao, Y., Li, P., Hu, Y., & Xia, G. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04694-z · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Antidepressant-like effects of transcorneal electrical stimulation in rat models
Yu, W. S., Tse, A. C.-K., Guan, L., Chiu, J. L. Y., Tan, S. Z. K., Khairuddin, S., Agadagba, S. K., Lo, A., Fung, M., Chan, Y., et al. (2022) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2022.05.018 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The effects of six-day SSRI administration on diurnal cortisol secretion in healthy volunteers
Ronaldson, A., de Carvalho, L. A., Kostich, K., Lazzarino, A. I., Urbanova, L., & Steptoe, A. (2018) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-018-5050-1 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Alenko, A., Markos, Y., Fikru, C., Tadesse, E., & Gedefaw, L. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0240668 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Wu, X., Dai, B., Yan, F., Chen, Y., Xu, Y., Xia, Q., & Zhang, X. (2022) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s361459 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Jahrami, H., Alekri, E., BaHammam, A. S., Alsalman, A., Bragazzi, N. L., Alhaj, O. A., & Saif, Z. (2020) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-020-02228-5 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Ida, M., Ida, I., Wada, N., Sohmiya, M., Tazawa, M., & Shirakura, K. (2013) · BioPsychoSocial Medicine · doi:10.1186/1751-0759-7-18 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Qigong for the treatment of depressive symptoms: Preliminary evidence of neurobiological mechanisms
Lu, E. Y., Lee, P., Cai, S., So, W. W. Y., Ng, B. F. L., Jensen, M. P., Cheung, W. M., & Tsang, H. W. H. (2020) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.5380 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Wagner, S., Helmreich, I., Wollschläger, D., Meyer, K., Kaaden, S., Reiff, J., Roll, S., Braus, D., Tüscher, O., Müller-Dahlhaus, F., et al. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0194574 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Hu, H., Li, Z., Cheng, Y., & Gao, H. (2022) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s370476 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Dong, J., Min, S., Chen, Q., Qiu, H., & Ren, L. (2023) · Journal of Ect · doi:10.1097/yct.0000000000000938 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Engelmann, J., Wagner, S., Wollschläger, D., Kaaden, S., Schlicht, K. F., Dreimüller, N., Braus, D., Müller, M., Tüscher, O., Frieling, H., et al. (2019) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-019-01006-z · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Ang, Y.-S., Bruder, G. E., Keilp, J. G., Rutherford, A., Alschuler, D. M., Pechtel, P., Webb, C. A., Carmody, T., Fava, M., Cusin, C., et al. (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720004286 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Liu, K., Droncheff, B., & Warren, S. L. (2022) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114534 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Recent Evidence on the Antidepressant Effects of Ayahuasca
Palhano-Fontes, F., Mota-Rolim, S. A., Soares, B. L., Coelho, N. L. G., Maia‐de‐Oliveira, J. P., & de Araújo, D. B. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-55688-4_2 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Jacovides, C., Papadopoulou, S. Κ., Pavlidou, E., Dakanalis, A., Alexatou, O., Vorvolakos, T., Lechouritis, E., Papacosta, E., Chrysafi, M., Mitsiou, M., et al. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13072096 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Pastena, P., Campagnoli, G., Rahmani, A. R., & Kalogeropoulos, A. P. (2025) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm15020057 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Depressive Disorders and Treatment Resistance
Yunilaynen, O. A., Starostina, E. G., & Oleichik, I. V. (2023) · Psikhiatriya · doi:10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-1-73-90 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Resting-state EEG as a potential indicator to predict sleep quality in depressive patients
Lin, S., Du, Y., Xia, Y., Xiao, L., & Wang, G. (2023) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.06.007 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Physiological Changes After Spa Treatment – a Focus on Endocrinology
BICIKOVA, M., Máčová, L., Kolátorová, L., Hill, M., Novotny, J. F., Jandová, D., & Stárka, L. (2018) · Physiological Research · doi:10.33549/physiolres.934016 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Aga, I. Z., Khurram, S. S., Karim, M., Muzzamil, M., Hashmi, S., & Shafique, K. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078976 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Martin-Key, N. A., Mirea, D.-M., Olmert, T., Cooper, J. D., Han, S. Y. S., Barton‐Owen, G., Farrag, L. P., Bell, E., Eljasz, P., Cowell, D., et al. (2021) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/27908 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Dental Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
Hexem, K. R., Ehlers, R., Gluch, J. I., & Collins, R. J. (2014) · Current Oral Health Reports · doi:10.1007/s40496-014-0020-0 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Cardiac effects of electroconvulsive therapy – a systematic review
Schnellbächer, G. J., Vogt, F., Hein, M., & Grözinger, M. (2025) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622975.2025.2525250 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Mapping the Presence of Anxiety Symptoms in Adults With Major Depressive Disorder
Ge, F., Jiang, J., Wang, Y., Wan, M., & Zhang, W. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.595418 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Xi, Y. Q., Wang, Z., Li, G., Hao, Z. Q., Nie, J. H., Li, J., Tan, Y. T., Dong, X., Wang, G. W., Liu, S., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1473418 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Hong, Y., Sourander, C., Hackl, B., Patton, J., John, J., Paatero, I., & Coffey, E. T. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-61337-3 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Cortisol and ACTH plasma levels in maternal filicides and violent psychiatric women
Spironelli, C., Gradante, F., Gradante, G., & Angrilli, A. (2013) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.01.001 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
ELGENDY, W. M. A., Yassen, N. A., Fayed, H. A., Saad, M. A. H., & Daoud, A.-R. (2017) · Tanta Medical Journal · doi:10.4103/1110-1415.209096 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Zou, Z., Huang, Y., Maes, M., Wang, J., He, Y., Min, W., & Zhou, B. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-05704-4 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Yu, Y.-K., Yao, Z.-Y., Wei, Y.-X., Kou, C., Yao, B., Sun, W., Li, S., Fung, K. P.-L., & Jia, C.-X. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192316334 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Gao, W., Deng, Z., & Peng, Y. (2018) · Pharmacognosy Magazine · doi:10.4103/pm.pm_268_18 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Tavares, V. D. D. O., de Sousa, G. M., Schuch, F. B., Firth, J., Yang, L., Stein, M., Malagodi, B. M., de Almeida, R. N., Bezerra, R. C., Gouveia, A. G., et al. (2025) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2025.100687 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Xhakaza, N. K., Nkomozepi, P., & Mbajiorgu, E. F. (2022) · Anatomy & Cell Biology · doi:10.5115/acb.22.120 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Application of the Model of Allostasis to Older Women’s Relocation to Senior Housing
Ewen, H. H., & Kinney, J. M. (2013) · Biological Research For Nursing · doi:10.1177/1099800412474682 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
On ‘cognitive dysfunction’ as a novel target for antidepressant treatment
Impey, B., & Baldwin, D. S. (2013) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.2360 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Schneider, B. C., Diedrich, S., Hauschildt, M., Biedermann, S. V., Arlt, S., Moritz, S., & Jelinek, L. (2021) · Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie · doi:10.1024/1016-264x/a000330 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationADHD and stress : Diurnal cortisol levels, early psychosocial adversity and perceived stress
Isaksson, J. (2014) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Effect of early morning awakening in major depressive disorder
Wu, X. (2022) · Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience · doi:10.56280/1545724982 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Research Progress on Cognitive Impairment and Insomnia in Patients with Depressive Disorder
杨, 滋. (2024) · Advances in Psychology · doi:10.12677/ap.2024.143149 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Hpa Axis and Late-Life Depression
Sudheimer, K. D., Flournoy, J. C., Gershon, A., DeMuth, B. N., Schatzberg, A. F., & O'Hara, R. M. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780199796816.003.0040 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Schmid, M. T., Ronold, E. H., Løchen, M., & Hammar, Å. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1623126 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Salivary Bioscience in Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry
Kuhlman, K. R., Lopez‐Duran, N. L., & Mousavi, Z. A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-35784-9_20 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bosaipo, N. B. (2016) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.17.2016.tde-26082016-153726 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mechanisms Linking Depression to Cardiovascular Disease: What Do Epidemiological Studies Tell Us?
Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32480-7_4
Niittymäki, E. (2021) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja
Kavita, K., Tiwari, R. K., Joshi, U., & Sahu, M. K. (2021) · International Journal of Current Research and Review · doi:10.31782/ijcrr.2021.132017
Antidepresivi i COVID-19: prikaz slučaja i pregled literature
Dabetic, M., Jovicic, M. J., Dabetić, U., & Latas, M. B. (2022) · Engrami · doi:10.5937/engrami44-39941
Antidepressants and COVID-19: A case report and review of the literature
Dabetic, M., Nešić, M., Dabetić, U., & Latas, M. B. (2022) · Engrami · doi:10.5937/engrami43-39941
Association between severity of depression and quality of sleep
Mirică, B.-E., Manea, M.-C., Manea, M., Dionisie, V., Iliuță, F. P., & Puiu, M. G. (2023) · Bulletin of Integrative Psychiatry · doi:10.36219/bpi.2023.2.10
Güneysu, İ. (2024) · Journal of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.14744/phd.2023.98975 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Depression Detection Using Blood Cortisol Levels with Machine Learning Algorithms
Patil, M., Mukherji, P., & Wadhai, V. M. (2023) · Global Conference on Information Technologies and Communications (GCITC) · doi:10.1109/gcitc60406.2023.10425944
Zuo, M., Li, Y., Williams, J. P., Li, Y., Sun, L., Wang, R., Ren, G., Xu, Q., & An, J. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4797253
Zuo, M., Wang, R., Yang, C., Li, Y., Williams, J. P., & An, J. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5137880
Individuals with Insomnia, Depression, and Comorbid Medical Illness
Chirinos, D. A., Finkelstein‐Fox, L., West, M., & Hall, D. L. (2025) · CBT: science into practice · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-92265-7_12
Zou, Z., Huang, Y., Maes, M., Wang, J., He, Y., Min, W., & Zhou, B. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25583848
- Authors
- Hinkelmann, K., Moritz, S., Botzenhardt, J., Muhtz, C., Wiedemann, K., Kellner, M., & Otte, C.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Hinkelmann, Kim
- Venue
- Psychoneuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-05
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 685-692
- ISSN
- 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2145586396
- Cited by
- 103
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- AstraZeneca
- Servier
- H. Lundbeck A/S
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, cortisol, salivary cortisol, antidepressant treatment, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, cognitive impairment, cognitive enhancement, set-shifting, processing speed, working memory, attention, depressive symptoms
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists, Antidepressive Agents, Attention, Cognition, Major Depressive Disorder, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Fludrocortisone, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Saliva, Spironolactone, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
