The DOI matches its Crossref record; 161 of the 161 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Diurnal cortisol slopes and mental and physical health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Changes in levels of the stress-sensitive hormone cortisol from morning to evening are referred to as diurnal cortisol slopes. Flatter diurnal cortisol slopes have been proposed as a mediator between chronic psychosocial stress and poor mental and physical health outcomes in past theory and research. Surprisingly, neither a systematic nor a meta-analytic review of associations between diurnal cortisol slopes and health has been conducted to date, despite extensive literature on the topic. The current systematic review and meta-analysis examined associations between diurnal cortisol slopes and physical and mental health outcomes. Analyses were based on 179 associations from 80 studies for the time period up to January 31, 2015. Results indicated a significant association between flatter diurnal cortisol slopes and poorer health across all studies (average effect size, r=0.147). Further, flatter diurnal cortisol slopes were associated with poorer health in 10 out of 12 subtypes of emotional and physical health outcomes examined. Among these subtypes, the effect size was largest for immune/inflammation outcomes (r=0.288). Potential moderators of the associations between diurnal cortisol slopes and health outcomes were examined, including type of slope measure and study quality indices. The possible roles of flatter slopes as either a marker or a mechanism for disease etiology are discussed. We argue that flatter diurnal cortisol slopes may both reflect and contribute to stress-related dysregulation of central and peripheral circadian mechanisms, with corresponding downstream effects on multiple aspects of biology, behavior, and health.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“suggesting cortisol regulation plays a key mediating role in the relationship between stress exposure and later negative health outcomes (Adam et al., 2017; Chrousos and Gold, 1992; O ' Connor et al., 2021).”
From Effectiveness of stress management interventions to change cortisol levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2024) · cites this paper as Adam et al., 2017
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Determining the quality of the cortisol measurements in the included studies was imperative to consider because the methods of cortisol collection are likely to impact study findings of intervention effective ness (Adam et al., 2017).”
From Effectiveness of stress management interventions to change cortisol levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2024) · cites this paper as Adam et al., 2017
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“exposure to chronic stress is a major contributor that leads to slope flattening”
From Strong Enough to Suffer: Emotional Suppression, Stress Exposure, and Physiological Health Among Men Across the Life Course (2026) · cites this paper as Adam et al., 2017
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In a meta-analysis of diurnal cortisol slope and mental and physical health outcomes in 72 studies, Adam et al. (2017) found that flatter slopes in the morning were predictors of a higher mortality risk, adverse cardiovascular outcomes, and higher levels of mental health symptoms.”
From Strong Enough to Suffer: Emotional Suppression, Stress Exposure, and Physiological Health Among Men Across the Life Course (2026) · cites this paper as Adam et al., 2017
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Loneliness affects youth’s diurnal cortisol, a key stress hormone [83, 84], potentially causing chronic increases in cortisol in young adulthood, leading to higher risks of depression, anxiety, inflammation, and other adverse health outcomes [85–87].”
From The prospective association of adolescent loneliness and low resilience with anxiety and depression in young adulthood: The HUNT study (2025) · cites this paper as [83]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & for the PRISMA Group (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535 · Cited by 83,823
Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 · Cited by 56,722
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.
(2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 44,859
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & the PRISMA Group* (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135 · Cited by 37,554
Duval, S., & Tweedie, R. (2000) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.2000.00455.x · Cited by 14,099
Sapolsky, R. M., Romero, L. M., & Munck, A. U. (2000) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.21.1.0389 · Cited by 7,541
Sapolsky, R. M. (2000) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.21.1.55 · Cited by 7,533
From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain
Dantzer, R., O'Connor, J. C., Freund, G. G., Johnson, R. W., & Kelley, K. W. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2297 · Cited by 7,395
Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition
Lupien, S. J., McEwen, B. S., Gunnar, M. R., & Heim, C. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2639 · Cited by 6,256
Dickerson, S. S., & Kemeny, M. E. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.355 · Cited by 5,881
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- *Gold, 2009, Flatter diurnal cortisol slope is associated with regional hippocampal atrophy and depressive symptoms in multiple sclerosis, Mult. Scler., 15, 1390
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 902
Atkins, R., Turner, A. J., Chandola, T., & Sutton, M. (2020) · Economics & Human Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2020.100923 · Cited by 24
Obradović, J., & Armstrong‐Carter, E. (2020) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579420001443 · Cited by 25
Doom, J. R., Han, D., Rivera, K. M., & Tseten, T. (2024) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579424000610 · Cited by 21
Biological rhythms in premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: a systematic review
Nexha, A., Caropreso, L., Cardoso, T. D. A., Suh, J. S., Tonon, A. C., & Frey, B. N. (2024) · BMC Women s Health · doi:10.1186/s12905-024-03395-3 · Cited by 25
Martín-López, J., Pérez‐López, A., Varillas‐Delgado, D., & López‐Samanes, Á. (2025) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2024.1466050 · Cited by 21
Personality and Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis in Older Men and Women
Montoliu, T., Hidalgo, V., & Salvador, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00983 · Cited by 23
Relationship Between Decreased Cortisol and Development of Chronic Pain in Traumatically Injured
Trevino, C. M., Geier, T. J., Morris, R., Cronn, S. E., & deRoon‐Cassini, T. A. (2021) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2021.08.040 · Cited by 21
Abelson, J. L., Sánchez, B. N., Mayer, S. E., Briggs, H., Liberzon, I., & Rajaram, N. (2023) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106031 · Cited by 23
Chronic Stress as a Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes: Endocrine, Metabolic, and Immune Implications
Lisco, G., Giagulli, V. A., Pergola, G. D., Guastamacchia, E., Jirillo, E., Vitale, E., & Triggiani, V. (2023) · Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1871530323666230803095118 · Cited by 25
Zeiders, K. H., Causadías, J. M., & White, R. M. B. (2017) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.09.020 · Cited by 22
Izáková, Ľ., Hlaváčová, N., Segeda, V., Kapsdorfer, D., Morovicsová, E., & Ježová, D. (2020) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000505921 · Cited by 21
Kuzawa, C. W. (2020) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.07.001 · Cited by 21
Gettler, L. T., Lew‐Levy, S., Sarma, M. S., Miegakanda, V., Doxsey, M., Meyer, J. S., & Boyette, A. H. (2021) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2020.0031 · Cited by 22
Emotional Pathways to the Biological Embodiment of Racial Discrimination Experiences
Hittner, E. F., & Adam, E. K. (2020) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000792 · Cited by 20
Self-citationThe Pelvic Girdle Pain deadlock: 2. Topics that, so far, have remained out of focus
Meijer, O. G., Barbe, M. F., Prins, M. R., Schipholt, I. J. L., Hu, H., & Daffertshofer, A. (2020) · Musculoskeletal Science and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2020.102166 · Cited by 22
Emotion regulation and diurnal cortisol: A longitudinal study of early adolescents
Rnic, K., Jopling, E. N., Tracy, A., & LeMoult, J. (2021) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108212 · Cited by 19
Feeney, J. C., & Kenny, R. A. (2022) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105847 · Cited by 20
Nam, S., Jeon, S., Lee, S., Ash, G. I., Nelson, L. E., & Granger, D. A. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0273081 · Cited by 20
Gender-Based Violence, Physiological Stress, and Inflammation: A Cross-Sectional Study
Heller, M., Roberts, S. T., Masese, L. N., Ngina, J., Chohan, N., Chohan, V., Shafi, J., McClelland, R. S., Brindle, E., & Graham, S. M. (2018) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2017.6743 · Cited by 24
Prospective associations between burnout symptomatology and hair cortisol
Wendsche, J., Ihle, A., Wegge, J., Penz, M. S., Kirschbaum, C., & Kliegel, M. (2020) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-020-01528-3 · Cited by 20
Digitalization and the Social Lives of Older Adults: Protocol for a Microlongitudinal Study
Macdonald, B., & Hülür, G. (2020) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/20306 · Cited by 23
Socioeconomic position, immune function, and its physiological markers
Luoto, S., Krama, T., Rubika, A., Borráz-León, J. I., Trakimas, G., Elferts, D., Skrinda, I., Krams, R., Moore, F. R., Birbele, E., et al. (2021) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105202 · Cited by 21
Mewes, R., Feneberg, A. C., Doerr, J. M., & Nater, U. M. (2022) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000001006 · Cited by 19
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of emotion regulation on cortisol
Mikkelsen, M. B., Tramm, G., Zachariae, R. H., Gravholt, C. H., & O’Toole, M. S. (2020) · Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.cpnec.2020.100020 · Cited by 24
Hoyt, L. T., Zeiders, K. H., Chaku, N., Niu, L., & Cook, S. (2021) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105204 · Cited by 21
Psychological resilience and diurnal salivary cortisol in young adulthood
Nishimi, K. M., Koenen, K. C., Coull, B. A., Segerstrom, S. C., Austin, S. B., & Kubzansky, L. D. (2022) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105736 · Cited by 19
Associations Between Asthma and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Current Perspectives
Xu, Y., Zhou, Z., Pan, J., & Huang, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.936948 · Cited by 19
Daily hassles, loneliness, and diurnal salivary cortisol in emerging adults
Lai, J. C. L., Lee, D. Y. H., Leung, M. O. Y., & Lam, Y. W. (2019) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.07.006 · Cited by 26
Chin, B. N., & Cohen, S. (2020) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000809 · Cited by 20
Diabetes-related distress and daily cortisol output in people with Type 2 diabetes
Bawa, H., Poole, L., Cooke, D. D., Panagi, L., Steptoe, A., & Hackett, R. A. (2020) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108472 · Cited by 19
Tuning Trophoblast Motility in a Gelatin Hydrogel via Soluble Cues from the Maternal–Fetal Interface
Zambuto, S. G., Clancy, K. B. H., & Harley, B. A. C. (2020) · Tissue Engineering Part A · doi:10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0097 · Cited by 19
Mickle, A. M., GARVAN, C. W., Service, C., Pop, R., Marks, J. G., Wu, S., Edberg, J. C., Staud, R. M., Fillingim, R. B., Bartley, E. J., et al. (2020) · Chronic Stress · doi:10.1177/2470547020975758 · Cited by 19
Zhao, X., Lou, Z., Shah, P. T., Wu, C., Liu, R., Xie, W. B., & Zhang, S. (2025) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s25154858 · Cited by 22
Villegas, E., Hartsock, M. J., Aben, B. L. L. G., Lenahan, K. N., Hernández, T. D., & Spencer, R. L. (2022) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2021.0495 · Cited by 18
Liang, M. Z., Chen, P., Molassiotis, A., Jeon, S., Tang, Y. C., Hu, G., Zhu, Y., Sun, Z., Yu, Y., Knobf, M. T., et al. (2022) · Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apjon.2022.100171 · Cited by 18
Card, K. G., & Skakoon‐Sparling, S. (2023) · Health Psychology Open · doi:10.1177/20551029231184034 · Cited by 21
Mind, Body, Brain, and the Conditions of Meaning
Seligman, R. A. (2018) · Ethos · doi:10.1111/etho.12207 · Cited by 23
Sullivan, K. A., Bever, S. R., McKim, D. B., Godbout, J. P., Sheridan, J. F., Obrietan, K. H., & Pyter, L. M. (2019) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2019.05.028 · Cited by 18
Ethnic differences in diurnal cortisol profiles in healthy adults: A meta‐analysis
Boileau, K., Barbeau, K., Sharma, R., & Bielajew, C. H. (2019) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12380 · Cited by 18
Fredrick, F. C., Meda, A. K. R., Singh, B. P., & Jain, R. (2024) · Acute and Critical Care · doi:10.4266/acc.2024.00647 · Cited by 20
Singh, V. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.631195 · Cited by 17
Cognitive Reserve and Anxiety Interactions Play a Fundamental Role in the Response to the Stress
García-Moreno, J. A., Cañadas, F., García, J. G., & Roldán-Tapia, L. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.673596 · Cited by 20
Staurengo‐Ferrari, L., Bonet, I. J. M., Araldi, D., Green, P. G., & Levine, J. D. (2021) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1691-21.2021 · Cited by 16
The Relationship Between Family Socioeconomic Status and Adolescent Sleep and Diurnal Cortisol
Rocha, S., Almeida, D. M., Chiang, J. J., Cole, S. W., Irwin, M. R., Seeman, T. E., & Fuligni, A. J. (2022) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000001104 · Cited by 17
Walsh, N. P., KASHI, D. S., Edwards, J. P., Richmond, C., Oliver, S. J., Roberts, R., Izard, R. M., Jackson, S., & Greeves, J. P. (2022) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsac222 · Cited by 18
Wesarg, C., Marheinecke, R., Staaks, J. P. C., & Engert, V. (2024) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.106976 · Cited by 20
Maternal early pregnancy body mass index and diurnal salivary cortisol in young adult offspring
Kumpulainen, S. M., Heinonen, K., Kaseva, N., ANDERSSON, S. M., Lano, A., Reynolds, R. M., Dieter Wolke, C., Kajantie, E., Eriksson, J. G., & Räikkönen, K. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.02.013 · Cited by 17
Kristiansen, E., Wanby, P., Åkesson, K., Blomstrand, P., Brudin, L. H., & Thegerström, J. (2020) · Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology · doi:10.1111/anec.12760 · Cited by 17
Intact circadian rhythm despite cortisol hypersecretion in Alzheimer’s disease: A meta-analysis
Saelzler, U. G., Verhaeghen, P., Panizzon, M. S., & Moffat, S. D. (2021) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105367 · Cited by 17
Montoliu, T., Pulopulos, M. M., Puig‐Pérez, S., Hidalgo, V., & Salvador, A. (2021) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.3088 · Cited by 19
Is forest bathing a panacea for mental health problems? A narrative review
Chen, H., Meng, Z., & Luo, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1454992 · Cited by 16
Neurobiology of Female Homicide Perpetrators
Brewer‐Smyth, K., & Burgess, A. W. (2019) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260519860078 · Cited by 19
Negriff, S. L., Gordis, E. B., & Susman, E. J. (2021) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s095457942100050x · Cited by 18
ADHD symptoms and diurnal cortisol in adolescents: The importance of comorbidities
Berens, A. E., LeMoult, J., Kircanski, K., & Gotlib, I. (2022) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105990 · Cited by 15
Zilioli, S., Jiang, Y., Byrd, D. R., & Joseph, N. T. (2023) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106089 · Cited by 16
How does loneliness “get under the skin” to become biologically embedded?
Freilich, C. D. (2023) · Biodemography and Social Biology · doi:10.1080/19485565.2023.2260742 · Cited by 18
Biomarkers in Endurance Exercise: Individualized Regulation and Predictive Value
Hacker, S., Keck, J., Reichel, T., Eder, K., Ringseis, R., Krüger, K., & Krüger, B. (2023) · Translational Sports Medicine · doi:10.1155/2023/6614990 · Cited by 16
Griffen, C., Cullen, T., Hattersley, J. G., Weickert, M. O., Dallaway, A., Duncan, M. J., & Renshaw, D. W. (2024) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2024.112477 · Cited by 16
Schwartz, J. A., & Allen, S. L. (2024) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102212 · Cited by 16
Reis, L. D. D., Generoso, L. P., Pereira, G. S., Barú, J. P. D. S. T., Candido, N. L., Capello, M. G. M., de Castro, R. O. M., Cardoso, E. J. R., Scoz, R. D., Ferreira, L. M. A., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1343413 · Cited by 17
Effects of Half- or Whole-Night Shifts on Physiological and Cognitive Parameters in Women
Çakan, P., & Yıldız, S. (2019) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2019.12.002 · Cited by 17
Is Receiving Social Support Costly for Those Higher in Subjective Socioeconomic Status?
Hooker, E. D., Campos, B., Hoffman, L., Zoccola, P. M., & Dickerson, S. S. (2020) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-019-09836-w · Cited by 18
Johar, H., Atasoy, S., Bidlingmaier, M., Henningsen, P., & Ladwig, K. (2020) · Stress · doi:10.1080/10253890.2020.1741544 · Cited by 17
Cognitive control moderates parenting stress effects on children's diurnal cortisol
Raffington, L., Schmiedek, F., Heim, C. C., & Shing, Y. L. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0191215 · Cited by 18
Mall, C., Schmidt, S., Neuberger, E. W. I., Kirsch, P., Simon, P. D., & Dettweiler, U. (2019) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2019.00026 · Cited by 17
Diurnal Cortisol Dynamics, Perceived Stress, and Language Production in Aphasia
Laures-Gore, J. S., Cahana-Amitay, D., & Buchanan, T. W. (2019) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2018_jslhr-l-18-0276 · Cited by 16
Stress-Related Trajectories of Diurnal Cortisol in Older Adulthood Over 12 Years
Herriot, H., Wrosch, C., Hamm, J. M., & Pruessner, J. C. (2020) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104826 · Cited by 16
Peterson, A. K., Toledo‐Corral, C. M., Chavez, T., Naya, C. H., Johnson, M. R., Eckel, S. P., Lerner, D. L., Grubbs, B. H., Farzan, S. F., Dunton, G. F., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17186896 · Cited by 16
Meyer (2020) · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104834 · Cited by 18
Ducker, K. J., Lines, R. L. J., Chapman, M. T., Peeling, P., McKay, A. K. A., & Gucciardi, D. F. (2020) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.8366 · Cited by 17
Dodd, S., Skvarc, D., Dean, O. M., Anderson, A., Kotowicz, M. A., & Berk, M. (2022) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyac014 · Cited by 16
Loneliness and Health Indicators in Middle-Aged and Older Females and Males
Crespo-Sanmiguel, I., Zapater‐Fajarí, M., Garrido‐Chaves, R., Hidalgo, V., & Salvador, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2022.809733 · Cited by 18
Beijers, R., Breugelmans, S., Brett, B. E., Willemsen, Y., Bos, P. A., & de Weerth, C. (2022) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105177 · Cited by 16
Lecarie, E. K., Doane, L. D., Stroud, C. B., Walter, D. A., Davis, M. C., Grimm, K. J., & Lemery‐Chalfant, K. (2022) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0001400 · Cited by 19
OPTIMISMO DISPOSICIONAL Y ESTRÉS: CLAVES PARA PROMOVER EL BIENESTAR PSICOLÓGICO
Puig‐Pérez, S., Grupo de Investigación en Psicología y Calidad de Vida (PsiCal), U. I. D. V., Costa, M. A., Grupo de Investigación en Psicología y Calidad de Vida (PsiCal), U. I. D. V., Duque, A., Grupo de Investigación en Psicología y Calidad de Vida (PsiCal), U. I. D. V., Cano‐López, I., Grupo de Investigación en Psicología y Calidad de Vida (PsiCal), U. I. D. V., López, P. M., Grupo de Investigación en Psicología y Calidad de Vida (PsiCal), U. I. D. V., et al. (2020) · Papeles del Psicólogo - Psychologist Papers · doi:10.23923/pap.psicol2021.2953 · Cited by 25
Diurnal cortisol secretion and health-related quality of life in healthy older people
Hidalgo, V., Pulopulos, M. M., Puig‐Pérez, S., Montoliu, T., & Salvador, A. (2021) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.05.012 · Cited by 17
Feasibility of home-based sampling of salivary cortisol and cortisone in healthy adults
Sørensen, S. O., Pedersen, J., Rasmussen, M. G. B., Kristensen, P. L., & Grøntved, A. (2021) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/s13104-021-05820-4 · Cited by 15
Pace, T., Zeiders, K. H., Cook, S., Sarsar, E., Hoyt, L., Mirin, N., Wood, E., Tatar, R. G., & Davidson, R. (2021) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/34951 · Cited by 15
Stimulated Parotid Saliva Is a Better Method for Depression Prediction
Cui, Y., Zhang, H., Wang, S., Lu, J., He, J., Liu, L., & Liu, W. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10092220 · Cited by 15
Age moderates the association between social integration and diurnal cortisol measures
Chin, B. N., Murphy, M. L. M., & Cohen, S. (2018) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.02.008 · Cited by 15
Nyland, J. A., Huffstutler, A., Faridi, J. A., Sachdeva, S., Nyland, M., & Caborn, D. N. M. (2019) · Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy · doi:10.1007/s00167-019-05458-7 · Cited by 17
Diurnal cortisol and decision making under risk in problem gambling.
Buchanan, T. W., McMullin, S. D., Mulhauser, K. R. W., Weinstock, J., & Weller, J. A. (2019) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000474 · Cited by 16
Relative sensitivity of cortisol indices to psychosocial and physical health factors
Rector, J. L., Tay, L., Wiese, C. W., & Friedman, E. M. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0213513 · Cited by 15
Biomarking Trait Resilience With Salivary Cortisol in Chinese Undergraduates
Lai, J. C. L., Leung, M. O. Y., Lee, D. Y. H., Lam, Y. W., & Berning, K. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.536510 · Cited by 15
Associations of burnout with awakening and diurnal cortisol among police officers
McCanlies, E. C., Leppma, M., Mnatsakanova, A., Allison, P., Fekedulegn, D. B., Andrew, M. E., & Violanti, J. M. (2020) · Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.cpnec.2020.100016 · Cited by 15
Karl, S., Johar, H., Ladwig, K., Peters, A., & Lederbogen, F. (2022) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105753 · Cited by 16
Jõgi, A., Pakarinen, E., & Lerkkanen, M. (2022) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjep.12529 · Cited by 25
M., M. G. C., Murugan, S., Bethapudi, B., Purusothaman, D., Mundkinajeddu, D., & D’Souza, P. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0285012 · Cited by 20
Doerr, J. M., Juenemann, M. B., Hakel, L., Schmidt, L., Menzler, K., Krause, K., Linka, L., Skoluda, N., Nater, U. M., & Knake, S. (2023) · Epilepsia Open · doi:10.1002/epi4.12774 · Cited by 14
Chen, S., Kertes, D. A., Benner, A. D., & Kim, S. Y. (2023) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579423001219 · Cited by 14
Gubelmann, C., Kuehner, C., Vollenweider, P., & Marques-Vidal, P. M. (2018) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-018-3881-4 · Cited by 15
Kluwe, B., Ortiz, R., Odei, J. B., Zhao, S., Kline, D., Brock, G. N., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Lee, J., Lazarus, S. A., Seeman, T. E., et al. (2020) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.105041 · Cited by 14
Doerr, J. M., Nater, U. M., Feneberg, A. C., & Mewes, R. (2021) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105343 · Cited by 14
School commute time, chronotype, and altered HPA axis functioning during adolescence
Karan, M., Rahal, D., Almeida, D. M., Bower, J. E., Irwin, M. R., McCreath, H. E., Seeman, T. E., & Fuligni, A. J. (2021) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105371 · Cited by 15
Diurnal pattern of salivary cortisol and progression of aortic stiffness: Longitudinal study
Ikeda, A., Steptoe, A., Shipley, M. J., Abell, J. G., Meena Kumari, B., Tanigawa, T., Iso, H., Wilkinson, I. B., McEniery, C. M., Singh‐Manoux, A., et al. (2021) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105372 · Cited by 14
Klinger-König, J., Frenzel, S., Hannemann, A., Wittfeld, K., Bülow, R., Friedrich, N., Nauck, M. A., Völzke, H., & Grabe, H. J. (2021) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100416 · Cited by 16
Maternal attachment avoidance is linked to youth diurnal cortisol slopes in children with asthma
Harvey, M. W., Farrell, A. K., Imami, L., Carré, J. M., & Slatcher, R. B. (2018) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2018.1541514 · Cited by 15
Chen, L., Li, X., Imami, L., Lin, D., Zhao, J., Zhao, G., & Zilioli, S. (2018) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000659 · Cited by 14
Dong, G., Boukhechba, M., Shaffer, K. M., Ritterband, L. M., Gioeli, D. G., Reilley, M. J., Le, T. M., Kunk, P. R., Bauer, T. W., & Chow, P. I. (2021) · Journal of Healthcare Informatics Research · doi:10.1007/s41666-021-00098-4 · Cited by 14
Dong, F., Sefcik, J. S., Euiler, E., & Hodgson, N. A. (2024) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100936 · Cited by 17
Metadata
- Authors
- Adam, E. K., Quinn, M. E., Tavernier, R., McQuillan, M. T., Dahlke, K. A., & Gilbert, K. E.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Wesleyan University (US)
- American Institutes for Research (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Adam, Emma K.
- Venue
- Psychoneuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-09
- Volume
- 83
- Pages
- 25-41
- ISSN
- 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5568897
- OpenAlex
- W2618888428
- Cited by
- 905
- References
- 161
- Citations by year
- 2026: 113 · 2025: 115 · 2024: 104 · 2023: 100 · 2022: 133 · 2021: 112 · 2020: 128 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 5.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R21AA021073)
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH100019)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- diurnal cortisol slope, cortisol, psychosocial stress, mental health, physical health, immune function, inflammation, circadian rhythm, health outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Circadian Rhythm, Emotions, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Male, Mental Health, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Saliva, Stress, Psychological
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
