The DOI matches its Crossref record; 71 of the 71 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Characteristics of steel slags and their use in cement and concrete—A review
Abstract
Abstract Steel slags are industrial by-products of steel manufacturing, characterized as highly calcareous, siliceous and ferrous. They can be categorized into basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag, electric arc furnace (EAF) slag, and ladle furnace (LF) slag. They are found to be useful in many fields, such as road construction, asphalt concrete, agricultural fertilizer, and soil improvement. However, better utilization for value-added purposes in cement and concrete products can be achieved. In this paper, an overview of the recent achievements and challenges of using steel slags (BOF, EAF and LF slag) as cement replacement (usually ground into powder form with the size of 400–500 m2/kg) and aggregate in cement concrete is presented. The results suggest that the cementitious ability of all steel slags in concrete is low and requires activation. For the incorporation of steel slags as aggregate in concrete, special attention needs to be paid due to the potential volumetric instability associated with the hydration of free CaO and/or MgO in the slags. Studies have indicated that adequate aging/weathering and treatments can enhance the hydrolyses of free-CaO and -MgO to mitigate the instability. Considering the environmental and economic aspects, steel slags are also considered to have a potential use as the raw meal in cement clinker production.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Mineral CO 2 Sequestration by Steel Slag Carbonation
Huijgen, W. J. J., Witkamp, G.-J., & Comans, R. N. J. (2005) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es050795f · Cited by 858
An Overview of Utilization of Steel Slag
Yi, H., Xu, G., Cheng, H., Wang, J., Wan, Y., & Chen, H. (2012) · Procedia Environmental Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2012.10.108 · Cited by 764
Characteristics and environmental aspects of slag: A review
Piatak, N. M., Parsons, M. B., & Seal, R. R. (2015) · Applied Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.04.009 · Cited by 752
Chemical, Mineralogical, and Morphological Properties of Steel Slag
Yildirim, I. Z., & Prezzi, M. (2011) · Advances in Civil Engineering · doi:10.1155/2011/463638 · Cited by 738
Steel Slag—Its Production, Processing, Characteristics, and Cementitious Properties
Shi, C. (2004) · Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering · doi:10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(2004)16:3(230 · Cited by 734
Self-citationHigh performance cementing materials from industrial slags — a review
Shi, C., & Qian, J. (2000) · Resources, Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/s0921-3449(99)00060-9 · Cited by 648
Self-citationUtilization of steel slag for Portland cement clinker production
Tsakiridis, P. E., Papadimitriou, G. D., Tsivilis, S., & Koroneos, C. (2008) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.07.093 · Cited by 610
An overview of recovery of metals from slags
Shen, H., & Forssberg, E. (2003) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/s0956-053x(02)00164-2 · Cited by 592
Pan, S.-Y., Chang, E. E., & Chiang, P.-C. (2012) · Aerosol and Air Quality Research · doi:10.4209/aaqr.2012.06.0149 · Cited by 459
Self-citationComparison of properties of steel slag and crushed limestone aggregate concretes
Maslehuddin, M., Sharif, A. M., Shameem, M., Ibrahim, M., & Barry, M. S. (2003) · Construction and Building Materials · doi:10.1016/s0950-0618(02)00095-8 · Cited by 453
Cited by
Recent advances in carbon dioxide utilization
Zhang, Z., Pan, S.-Y., Li, H., Cai, J., Olabi, A. G., Anthony, E. J., & Manovic, V. (2020) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.109799 · Cited by 732
Self-citationThe composition, recycling and utilisation of Bayer red mud
Khairul, M. A., Zanganeh, J., & Moghtaderi, B. (2019) · Resources, Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.11.006 · Cited by 667
Carbonation of steel slag and gypsum for building materials and associated reaction mechanisms
Wang, X., Ni, W., Li, J., Zhang, S., Hitch, M., & Pascual, R. (2019) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.105893 · Cited by 304
CO2 activated steel slag-based materials: A review
Humbert, P. S., & Castro-Gomes, J. (2019) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.058 · Cited by 276
Mo, L., Yang, S., Huang, B., Xu, L., Feng, S., & Deng, M. (2020) · Cement and Concrete Composites · doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103715 · Cited by 208
Metadata
- Authors
- Jiang, Y., Ling, T.-C., Shi, C., & Pan, S.-Y.
- Venue
- Resources, Conservation and Recycling
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-09
- Volume
- 136
- Pages
- 187-197
- ISSN
- 0921-3449 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2802768222
- Cited by
- 818
- References
- 71
- FWCI
- 52.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Characteristics of steel slags and their use in cement and concrete—A review. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.04.023
- The paper
- Jiang, Y., Ling, T.-C., Shi, C., & Pan, S.-Y. (2018). Characteristics of steel slags and their use in cement and concrete—A review. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.04.023
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
