Water-energy tradeoffs in data centers: A case study in hot-arid climates
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Datacenters can evaporate approximately 1-9 L/kWh of server energy.
“datacenters can evaporate approximately 1–9L/kWh of server energy: 1L/kWh for Google's annualized global onsite water efficiency9 and 9 L/kWh for a large commercial datacenter during the summer in Arizona.11”
From Making AI Less 'Thirsty' (2025) · cites this paper as [11]
Cites
Usage impact on data center electricity needs: A system dynamic forecasting model
Koot, M., & Wijnhoven, F. (2021) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116798 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Li, P., Yang, J., Islam, M. A., & Ren, S. (2025) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/3724499 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
A Water Efficiency Dataset for African Data Centers
Shumba, N., Tshekiso, O., Li, P., Fanti, G., & Ren, S. (2025) · Proceedings of the ACM SIGCAS/SIGCHI Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies · doi:10.1145/3715335.3735483 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Karimi, L., Yacuel, L., Johnson, J. D., Ashby, J., Green, M., Renner, M., Bergman, A., Norwood, R. A., & Hickenbottom, K. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- Salt River Project (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kerri L. Hickenbottom
- Venue
- Resources Conservation and Recycling
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-06
- Volume
- 181
- Pages
- 106194
- ISSN
- 0921-3449 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4213191311
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3
- FWCI
- 1.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Resources Conservation and Recycling (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Water-Energy-Food Nexus Studies
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Cloud Computing and Resource Management
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Hardware and Architecture › Energy Efficiency in Computing
- Keywords
- data centers, power usage effectiveness, data center cooling, evaporative cooling, air-cooled chiller, water-cooled chiller, free cooling, seasonal variation, hot arid climate, Phoenix
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
