The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The impact of natural resources, human capital, and foreign direct investment on the ecological footprint: The case of the United States
Abstract
Abstract This study explores the effect of the amounts of natural resources, human capital, and foreign direct investment on the ecological footprint in the presence of energy consumption and economic growth using US data from 1970 to 2015. We use the Zivot-Andrews unit root method to check the stationary properties of data series, along with structural breaks and employ an Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) model to estimate the short-run and long-run elasticities among the variables. Our findings suggest that economic growth and energy consumption have negative relationships with the ecological footprint. Natural resources and human capital are helpful in curtailing ecological footprint, as is foreign direct investment (FDI). The results of Granger causality show bidirectional causality between energy consumption and the ecological footprint and between economic growth and the ecological footprint, while unidirectional causality runs from natural resources to the ecological footprint and from human capital to natural resources. The US must attract more FDI and human capital from other countries to ensure that established companies and new firms can innovate swiftly in support of the quality of life and sustainable development.
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Cites
Co-integration and error correction: representation, estimation and testing
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Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001) · Journal of Applied Econometrics · doi:10.1002/jae.616 · Cited by 20,385
Testing the null hypothesis of stationarity against the alternative of a unit root
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Cited by
Ahmad, M., Jiang, P., Majeed, A., Umar, M., Khan, Z., & Muhammad, S. (2020) · Resources Policy · doi:10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101817 · Cited by 773
The nexus between urbanization, renewable energy, trade, and ecological footprint in ASEAN countries
Nathaniel, S., & Khan, S. A. R. (2020) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122709 · Cited by 594
Shahzad, U. (2020) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-020-08349-4 · Cited by 348
Ahmed, Z., Nathaniel, S. P., & Shahbaz, M. (2021) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125529 · Cited by 302
Ilkay, S. C., Yilanci, V., Ulucak, R., & Jones, K. (2021) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113033 · Cited by 71
Metadata
- Authors
- Zafar, M. W., Zaidi, S. A. H., Khan, N. R., Mirza, F. M., Hou, F., & Kirmani, S. A. A.
- Venue
- Resources Policy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-10
- Volume
- 63
- Pages
- 101428
- ISSN
- 0301-4207 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2949060443
- Cited by
- 805
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 96.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Zafar, M. W., Zaidi, S. A. H., Khan, N. R., Mirza, F. M., Hou, F., & Kirmani, S. A. A. (2019). The impact of natural resources, human capital, and foreign direct investment on the ecological footprint: The case of the United States. Resources Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.101428
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