Air-conditioning in the human nasal cavity
Abstract
Healthy humans normally breathe through their nose even though its complex geometry imposes a significantly higher resistance in comparison with mouth breathing. The major functional roles of nasal breathing are defense against infiltrating particles and conditioning of the inspired air to nearly alveolar conditions in order to maintain the internal milieu of the lung. The state-of-the-art of the existing knowledge on nasal air-conditioning will be discussed in this review, including in vivo measurements in humans and computational studies on nasal air-conditioning capacity. Areas where further studies will improve our understanding and may help medical diagnosis and intervention in pathological states will be introduced.
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Inspiration through the nose facilitates recruitment of the diaphragm and improves humidification [29].
“Inspiration through the nose should be encouraged to facilitate the recruitment of the diaphragm and improve humidification [29].”
From Effects of short-term breathing exercises on respiratory recovery in patients with COVID-19: a quasi-experimental study (2022) · cites this paper as [29]
Breathing exercise improves respiratory muscle function, ribcage flexibility, and gas exchange, and may decrease blood pressure, respiratory rate, and stress.
“The physiological rationale behind the progress might be that breathing exercise improves respiratory muscle function, ribcage flexibility, gas exchange, and may decrease blood pressure, respiratory rate, and stress [11, 12, 28, 29]; consequently, helping patients with COVID-19 to manage their respiratory symptoms.”
From Effects of short-term breathing exercises on respiratory recovery in patients with COVID-19: a quasi-experimental study (2022) · cites this paper as [29]
Cites
A Theoretical Model of Localized Heat and Water Vapor Transport in the Human Respiratory Tract
Hanna, L. M., & Scherer, P. W. (1986) · Journal of Biomechanical Engineering · doi:10.1115/1.3138574 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
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Maddux, S. D., Yokley, T. R., Svoma, B. M., & Franciscus, R. G. (2016) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.23032 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Kader, M., Hossain, M. A., Reddy, V., Perera, N. K. P., & Rashid, M. (2022) · BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s13102-022-00451-z · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Inspiration through the nose should be encouraged to facilitate the recruitment of the diaphragm and improve humidification [29].”
Background
- Authors
- Elad, D., Wolf, M., & Keck, T.
- Affiliations
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- Universität Ulm (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Elad, David
- Venue
- Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-11
- Volume
- 163
- Issue
- 1-3
- Pages
- 121-127
- ISSN
- 1569-9048 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2046271919
- Cited by
- 193
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 1.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Nasal Surgery and Airway Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Otorhinolaryngology › Sinusitis and nasal conditions
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Heat Transfer and Optimization
- Keywords
- nasal air conditioning, nasal cavity, nasal breathing, nasal resistance, airway geometry, air conditioning capacity, particle filtration, nasal diseases
- MeSH terms
- Air, Air Conditioning, Animals, Computer Simulation, Humans, Models, Biological, Nasal Cavity, Pulmonary Alveoli, Respiration, Respiratory Tract Diseases, Water
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