The DOI matches its Crossref record; 111 of the 114 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The multiple dimensions of dyspnea: Review and hypotheses
Open accessAbstract
Although dyspnea is a common and troubling symptom, our understanding of the neurophysiology of dyspnea is woefully incomplete. Most measurements of dyspnea treat it as a single entity. Although the multidimensional dyspnea concept has been mentioned for many decades, only recently has the concept been the subject of experimental tests. Emerging evidence has begun to favor the hypothesis that dyspnea comprises multiple dimensions or components that can be measured as different entities. Most recently, studies have begun to show that there is a separable 'affective dimension' (i.e. unpleasantness and emotional impact). Understanding of the multidimensional measurement of pain is far in advance of dyspnea, and has enabled progress in the neurophysiology of pain, including identification of separate neural structures subserving various elements of pain perception. We propose here a multidimensional model of dyspnea based on a state-of-the-art pain model, and review existing evidence in the light of this model.
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“The model of Lansing et al 21 for the perception of dyspnea proposed a sequence in which initially somatosensory areas assess the intensity and sensory quality (descriptors) of the breathlessness (somatic awareness), with a subsequent stage managed by the insula, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, and medial thalamus assessing the degree of unpleasantness/threat (affective awareness).22”
From Cognitive behavioral therapy for management of dyspnea: A pilot study (2015) · cites this paper as [21]
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“The findings of this pilot study appear to be consistent with this model if the feedback provided by BREVE program subjects (increased endurance, better breathlessness management, and reduced anxiety associated with exercise-related breathlessness) reflects a change in affective awareness facilitating an ability to increase their exercise capacity.”
From Cognitive behavioral therapy for management of dyspnea: A pilot study (2015) · cites this paper as [21]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lansing, R. W., Gracely, R. H., & Banzett, R. B.
- Affiliations
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Michigan Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Banzett, Robert B.
- ORCID
- Banzett, Robert B.
- Venue
- Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-05
- Volume
- 167
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 53-60
- ISSN
- 1569-9048 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2763422
- OpenAlex
- W2015408803
- Cited by
- 355
- References
- 114
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 2.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL046690, HL-46690)
- National Institute of Nursing Research (R01NR010006, NR10006)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Respiratory and Cough-Related Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- dyspnea, unpleasantness, emotional impact, pain models, respiratory sensation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Dyspnea, Humans, Models, Biological, Pain
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