Epidemiology and outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in England
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INTRODUCTION This study reports the epidemiology and outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in England during 2014. METHODS Prospective observational study from the national OHCA registry. The incidence, demographic and outcomes of patients who were treated for an OHCA between 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2014 in 10 English ambulance service (EMS) regions, serving a population of almost 54 million, are reported in accordance with Utstein recommendations. RESULTS 28,729 OHCA cases of EMS treated cardiac arrests were reported (53 per 100,000 of resident population). The mean age was 68.6 (SD=19.6) years and 41.3% were female. Most (83%) occurred in a place of residence, 52.7% were witnessed by either the EMS or a bystander. In non-EMS witnessed cases, 55.2% received bystander CPR whilst public access defibrillation was used rarely (2.3%). Cardiac aetiology was the leading cause of cardiac arrest (60.9%). The initial rhythm was asystole in 42.4% of all cases and was shockable (VF or pVT) in 20.6%. Return of spontaneous circulation at hospital transfer was evident in 25.8% (n=6302) and survival to hospital discharge was 7.9%. CONCLUSION Cardiac arrest is an important cause of death in England. With less than one in ten patients surviving, there is scope to improve outcomes. Survival rates were highest amongst those who received bystander CPR and public access defibrillation.
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Observational data suggest that females and individuals from socially deprived and ethnic minority groups are less likely to receive bystander CPR and key post-arrest interventions.
“Observational data suggest that females and individuals from socially deprived and ethnic minority groups are less likely to receive bystander CPR and key post-arrest interventions. 295,296”
From European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Ethics of resuscitation and end of life decisions (2021) · cites this paper as [295]
The Results report overall bystander-CPR rates and the proportion of patients who were female, but do not compare CPR receipt by sex. Searches for female, ethnic-minority and social-deprivation differences in CPR or post-arrest interventions found no such comparison in our copy (section labels supplied without page numbers). (LLM, conf=0.75)
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“Early bystander CPR improves patient outcomes in OHCA.216 221 In many countries, systems of trained volunteers and/or first responders, in addition to dispatcher-assisted CPR by lay people, have been implemented.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citation
- Authors
- Hawkes, C., Booth, S., Ji, C., Brace-McDonnell, S. J., Whittington, A., Mapstone, J., Cooke, M. W., Deakin, C. D., Gale, C. P., Fothergill, R., Nolan, J. P., Rees, N., Soar, J., Siriwardena, A. N., Brown, T. P., & Perkins, G. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Warwick (GB)
- Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Public Health England (GB)
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- University of Leeds (GB)
- London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (GB)
- Royal United Hospital (GB)
- Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust (GB)
- Southmead Hospital (GB)
- University of Lincoln (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Perkins, Gavin D.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Resuscitation
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-01
- Volume
- 110
- Pages
- 133-140
- ISSN
- 0300-9572 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2555851332
- Semantic Scholar
- 170dadc1b735b4d9a7ef9cd4b4e40a9b42edfc7b
- Cited by
- 327
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 37.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Resuscitation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lincoln Repository (University of Lincoln) (acceptedVersion)
- Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick) (acceptedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- amber - ambulance research repository (submittedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Intensive Care Foundation
- Resuscitation Council (UK)
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0514-10139)
- British Heart Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
- Keywords
- out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, incidence, bystander CPR, public access defibrillation, return of spontaneous circulation, survival to hospital discharge, initial cardiac rhythm, asystole, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, ambulance services, England
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Demography, Emergency Medical Services, England, Female, Heart Diseases, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Patient Discharge, Prospective Studies, Registries, Incidence, Survival Rate, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Needs Assessment, Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
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