The Toddler Language and Motor Questionnaire: A mother-report measure of language and motor development
Abstract
This study empirically evaluates the psychometric properties of a new mother-answered developmental instrument for toddlers, the Toddler Language and Motor Questionnaire (TLMQ). Mothers of 1132 15- to 38-month-old children filled out a 144-item instrument, tapping the toddlers' competences in five language and motor subtests. Concurrent validity was investigated in an independent sample by administering the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA) individually to 47 children and the TLMQ to their mothers. A two-factor solution emerged in principal axis factor analyses with a promax rotation, with motor subtests loading high on one of the factors and the language subtests on the other. Toddlers' genders significantly affected outcome on all of the five subtests. Divergent and convergent correlations emerged between the TLMQ's motor composite and scales of the MSCA. Partially convergent and divergent correlations emerged between the TLMQ's language composite and scales of the MSCA. The findings show that young children's motor and language development can be reliably and validly assessed by using a psychometrically constructed questionnaire completed by mothers.
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Questionnaires proposed to parents were found reliable and valid instruments as a first step to assess motor and language development in Icelandic toddlers aged 15 to 38 months.
“The questionnaires proposed to the children’s parents were found reliable and valid instruments as a first step to assess: (a) motor and language development in the ages ranging from 15 to 38 months in Icelandic toddlers [95]”
From Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping Review (2021) · cites this paper as [95]
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- Authors
- Gudmundsson, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Iceland (IS)
- Corresponding author
- Gudmundsson, Einar
- ORCID
- Gudmundsson, Einar
- Venue
- Research in Developmental Disabilities
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-10
- Volume
- 45-46
- Pages
- 21-31
- ISSN
- 0891-4222 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W945496136
- Cited by
- 4
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Research in Developmental Disabilities (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Children's Physical and Motor Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Keywords
- toddler language development, psychometric properties, concurrent validity, McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities, gender differences in development, factor structure
- MeSH terms
- Child Development, Child, Preschool, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Infant, Language Development, Language Development Disorders, Male, Mothers, Motor Skills, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reproducibility of Results, Motor Skills Disorders, Social Skills
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