A cryptographic framework for secure medical imaging in smart healthcare environments
Open accessAbstract
• Proposed a hybrid AES-128 and RSA-1024 encryption model for medical image security. • Achieved efficient encryption/decryption times suitable for real-time applications. • Demonstrated strong security metrics including high NPCR and UACI values. • Maintained high image quality post-decryption with favorable PSNR and MSE values. • Validated encryption strength through histogram, correlation, and entropy analyses. In the dynamic environment of innovative healthcare, securing medical images is indispensable because they are commonly sent and stored over digital media. This paper introduces a strong hybrid encryption scheme combining AES-128 (Advanced Encryption Standard) and RSA-1024 (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) to improve security and the performance of medical image encryption. The new model employs AES-128 to encrypt images speedily and efficiently and RSA-1024 to securely share keys. Experimental verification was performed on a brain MRI dataset of 7023 images of 512 × 512 pixels. Encryption time ranged from 0.5 to 2.9 seconds depending on the AES mode, whereas decryption was significantly faster, from 0.1 to 0.9 seconds. The throughput analysis indicated encryption rates of up to 21.8 Mbps and decryption rates of 22.5 Mbps, with the best performance in CTR and OCB modes. Security was measured with MSE, PSNR, NPCR, UACI, histogram uniformity, correlation analysis, and entropy. PSNR was more than 50 dB in CFB and CBC modes, NPCR was more than 99.5 %, and entropy was close to the…
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In CBC mode, chaining propagates local changes of plaintext pixels in each block to wipe out spatial correlation, and stronger diffusion is measured as NPCR/UACI values.
“in this case, the propagation of the chaining of local changes of plaintext pixels in each block will wipe out the spatial correlation, and the stronger diffusion will be measured in this case as NPCR/UACI values [58,59].”
From A hybrid encryption algorithm based on AES and Kyber for secure image protection in the post-quantum era (2026) · cites this paper as [59]
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- Authors
- Lata, K., Gupta, C., & Cenkeramaddi, L. R.
- Affiliations
- LNM Institute of Information Technology (IN)
- JK Lakshmipat University (IN)
- University of Agder (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Cenkeramaddi, Linga Reddy
- Venue
- Results in Engineering
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2025-09
- Volume
- 27
- Pages
- 106780
- ISSN
- 2590-1230 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4413289902
- Semantic Scholar
- 667bba1fb48d4fe739ee2ba6754b8a02aab5cb33
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 2
- FWCI
- 3.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Results in Engineering (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Cryptographic Implementations and Security
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Computer Science and Engineering
- Keywords
- medical image encryption, AES-128, key sharing, brain MRI, smart healthcare, encryption throughput, NPCR and UACI
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