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River levels from multi mission altimetry, a statistical approach
Abstract
Satellite altimetry is a key technique to measure water level change in continental water bodies. Altimetry-based water level time series of rivers are typically constructed at locations where the satellite ground tracks intersect the rivers, the so-called virtual stations. The relatively low sampling frequency (10–27 days) of the repeat missions may result in an under-sampling of the hydrological regime in rivers with sub-monthly to weekly events. We are currently in a unique position with more than a handful satellite altimetry missions simultaneously mapping the surface elevation of the Earth. In combination, these missions contain an unexploited potential to obtain a more detailed picture of the hydrological regime of many of the Earth's rivers. The task of combining water levels measured at different locations and/or by satellites with different orbits is however, challenging due to e.g. topography, intermission biases, variation in river morphology, and other unidentified causes. In this work, we present a new method to combine multi-mission altimetry-based water levels from a river reach. This will also enable the use of geodetic missions like CryoSat-2 and SARAL/AltiKa (after June 2016) in water level time series. To combine the data we set up a state-space model where the process part is a first-order autoregressive process. The observations as a function of time and distance along the reach are described as a sum of the water level at a given time scaled by a distan…
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“The ability to densify time series through mission overlap and nearby virtual stations enhances temporal resolution, possibly further improved by statistical methods59,60, supporting more accurate flood and drought forecasting and following recommendations from the scientific community58.”
From Global scale river discharge and mean depth from radar altimetry and model (2026) · cites this paper as [59]
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Cited by
Global scale river discharge and mean depth from radar altimetry and model
Paris, A., Garambois, P.-A., Gal, L., Cerbelaud, A., Larnier, K., David, C. H., Jucá Oliveira, R. A., Correa, S. W., Tourian, M. J., & Calmant, S. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-78275-5
Metadata
- Authors
- Nielsen, K., Zakharova, E., Tarpanelli, A., Andersen, O. B., & Benveniste, J.
- Venue
- Remote Sensing of Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-03
- Volume
- 270
- Pages
- 112876
- ISSN
- 0034-4257
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 1
- Language
- en
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
- Funders
- European Space Agency (20756/07/NL/CB, 4000125543/18/I-NB)
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
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