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Energy consumption and water production cost of conventional and renewable-energy-powered desalination processes
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“Additionally, the authors do not report any heat demand which stands in contrast to our results as volume reduction processes, such as the mechanical evaporator, require heat.83”
From Current and Future Impacts of Lithium Carbonate from Brines: A Global Regionalized Life Cycle Assessment Model (2025) · cites this paper as [83]
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“Compared with the conventional desalination processes, a low-pressure SWRO membrane required a minor energy (Al-Najar et al. 2020; Al-Karaghouli and Kazmerski 2013; Kurihara and Ito 2020; Ihsanullah et al. 2021).”
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“Overall, the relevant SEC has limited the operation of thermal desalination plants in areas with enormous availability of fossil fuel resources with the ultimate result is that the cost of freshwater desalted in large-scale plants via thermal processes lies in the range of 0.52–1.56 US$ m − 3 [65].”
BackgroundInfluentialMineral Carbonation of Phosphogypsum Waste for Production of Useful Carbonate and Sulfate Salts
Mattila, H., & Zevenhoven, R. (2015) · Frontiers in Energy Research · doi:10.3389/fenrg.2015.00048 · Cited by 48
“For NaCl solutions, unlike the membrane-based processes, distillation or flash processes were found to also require noticeable amounts of thermal energy (100–300 MJ/m3) (Al-Karaghouli and Kazmerski, 2013).”
BackgroundDesalination and removal of organic micropollutants and microorganisms by membrane distillation
Silva, T. L. S., Morales‐Torres, S., Esteves, C. M. P., Ribeiro, A. R., Nunes, O. C., Figueiredo, J. L., & Silva, A. M. T. (2018) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2018.02.027 · Cited by 48
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“Holistic energy pricing factors have been discussed in other resources [53].”
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“…power plant with equivalent electrical energy consumption (Plappally & Lienhard v, 2012). in 2011, it is estimated that the average energy required to desalinate water in China was 5.9 kWh/m3 (Al-Karaghouli & Kazmerski, 2013; Buonomenna, 2013; Gude, 2011; Gude, Nirmalakhandan, & Deng, 2010).”
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Scale-up Strategies for Membrane-Based Desalination Processes: A Review
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“As SWRO pretreatment, NF was found to be successful in removal of turbidity, in the significant removal of hardness and in lowering of the seawater TDS [49] that could improve SWRO performance.”
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Low-grade waste heat driven desalination with an open loop heat pipe
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“These processes have received large attention from the scientific community during recent years since solar desalination offers a sustainable means of renewable energy utilization at low operational costs [5].”
BackgroundCarbon polyaniline capacitive deionization electrodes with stable cycle life
Evans, S. F., Ivancevic, M. R., Wilson, D. J., Hood, Z. D., Adhikari, S. P., Naskar, A. K., Tsouris, C., & Paranthaman, M. P. (2019) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2019.04.002 · Cited by 41
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“5 kWh m3 based on values reported in literature for reverse osmosis desalination of brackish groundwater [46–48].”
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“However, the energy consumption of aeration is considerably high (approximately 50% of the total energy consumed during the water treatment process utilizing membrane technology) [47,48].”
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Water desalination through the dewpoint evaporative system
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“In most RO desalination installations, spiral wound membrane modules are used (Al-Karaghouli and Kazmerski 2013, Bodzek and Konieczny 2011a).”
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CO2 nanobubbles as a novel kinetic promoter in hydrate-based desalination
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Water Desalination Using the Once-through Multi-Stage Flash Concept: Design and Modeling
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“power plants consisting of CSP and auxiliary fossil fuel-driven boilers [7,8].”
BackgroundPore-Level Multiphase Simulations of Realistic Distillation Membranes for Water Desalination
Jäger, T., Mokos, A., Prasianakis, N. I., & Leyer, S. (2022) · Membranes · doi:10.3390/membranes12111112 · Cited by 36
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Technology and Engineering of the Water-Energy Nexus
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“, due to a carbon tax or trade caps on CO2), renewable energy for desalination becomes more viable economically (62).”
BackgroundEl‐badawy, T., Othman, M. H. D., Matsuura, T., Bilad, M. R., Adam, M. R., Tai, Z. S., Ravi, J., Ismail, A. F., Rahman, M. A., Jaafar, J., et al. (2021) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119494 · Cited by 36
Salakhi, M., Eghtesad, A., & Afshin, H. (2022) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2022.115595 · Cited by 36
Shahsavari, A., Rad, M. A. V., Pourfayaz, F., & Kasaeian, A. (2022) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2022.124820 · Cited by 36
A review of the development in shale oil and gas wastewater desalination
Zhou, S., Huang, L., Wang, G., Wang, W., Zhao, R., Sun, X., & Wang, D. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162376 · Cited by 39
Challenges and advancements in membrane distillation crystallization for industrial applications
Zhang, X., Koirala, R., Pramanik, B. K., Fan, L., Date, A., & Jegatheesan, V. (2023) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.116577 · Cited by 36
Schär, S., Bischi, A., Baccioli, A., Desideri, U., & Geldermann, J. (2023) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2023.117447 · Cited by 35
Research progress on the integration and optimal design of desalination process
Sun, Q., Mao, Y., & Wu, L. (2024) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2024.126423 · Cited by 35
Ultrapure water from seawater using integrated reverse osmosis-capacitive deionization system
Jande, Y. A. C., Minhas, M. B., & Kim, W. (2013) · Desalination and Water Treatment · doi:10.1080/19443994.2013.873352 · Cited by 35
Tarroja, B., AghaKouchak, A., Sobhani, R., FELDMAN, D. L., Jiang, S. C., & Samuelsen, S. G. (2014) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.071 · Cited by 35
“Al-Karaghouli and Kazmerski (2013) provided a review of the energy consumption of various desalination processes, with costs characterization using conventional and different renewable energy resources.”
BackgroundRenewable Energy-Powered Membrane Technology: Cost Analysis and Energy Consumption
Garg, M. C. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813545-7.00004-0 · Cited by 35
Κολλιόπουλος, Γ., Martin, J. T., & Papangelakis, V. G. (2018) · Process Safety and Environmental Protection · doi:10.1016/j.cherd.2018.10.015 · Cited by 35
Metadata
- Authors
- Al-Karaghouli, A., & Kazmerski, L. L.
- Affiliations
- National Laboratory of the Rockies (US)
- Corresponding author
- Al-Karaghouli, Ali
- Venue
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-08
- Volume
- 24
- Pages
- 343-356
- ISSN
- 1364-0321 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1983622780
- Cited by
- 1,274
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 99 · 2025: 150 · 2024: 132 · 2023: 113 · 2022: 150 · 2021: 122 · 2020: 112 · 2019: 108 · 2018: 113 · 2017: 74 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 28.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Membrane Separation Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Filtration and Separation › Membrane-based Ion Separation Techniques
- Keywords
- desalination, renewable energy, energy consumption, water production cost, multi-stage flash distillation, multi-effect distillation, vapor compression, mechanical vapor compression, thermal vapor compression, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, solar thermal energy, photovoltaics, wind energy, geothermal energy, low-temperature heat, water scarcity
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