The DOI matches its Crossref record; 153 of the 154 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Is good insight associated with depression among patients with schizophrenia? Systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Among patients with schizophrenia, better insight may be associated with depression, but the findings on this issue are mixed. We examined the association between insight and depression in schizophrenia by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was based on 59 correlational studies and showed that global clinical insight was associated weakly, but significantly with depression (effect size r=0.14), as were the insight into the mental disorder (r=0.14), insight into symptoms (r=0.14), and symptoms' attributions (r=0.17). Conversely, neither insight into the social consequences of the disorder nor into the need for treatment was associated with symptoms of depression. Better cognitive insight was significantly associated with higher levels of depression. The exploratory meta-regression showed that methodological factors (e.g. the instrument used to assess depression and the phase of the illness) can significantly influence the magnitude of the association between insight and depression. Moreover, results from longitudinal studies suggest that the relation between insight and depression might be stronger than what is observed at the cross-sectional level. Finally, internalized stigma, illness perception, recovery attitudes, ruminative style, and premorbid adjustment seem to be relevant moderators and/or mediators of the association between insight and depression. In conclusion, literature indicates that among patients with schizophrenia, better insight is associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. Thus, interventions aimed at promoting patients' insight should take into account the clinical implications of these findings.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A metaanalysis of 50 cross-sectional studies found a weak relationship between clinical insight and depression, but reported that longitudinal studies suggested a stronger, more complex relationship which plays out differently depending upon the circumstances of the individual person's life 87 .”
From Insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: relationship with behavior, mood and perceived quality of life, underlying causes and emerging treatments (2018) · cites this paper as [87]
Citations
Cites
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 · Cited by 91,532
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552
The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia.
Kay, S. R., Fiszbein, A., & Opler, L. A. (1987) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/13.2.261 · Cited by 21,378
Comparison of Beck Depression Inventories -IA and -II in psychiatric outpatients
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., Ball, R., & Ranieri, W. F. (1996) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6703_13 · Cited by 5,965
Crawford, J. R., & Henry, J. D. (2003) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466503321903544 · Cited by 1,756
A depression rating scale for schizophrenics
Addington, D. E., Addington, J., & Schıssel, B. (1990) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/0920-9964(90)90005-r · Cited by 1,270
Assessment of insight in psychosis
AMADOR, X. F., Strauss, D. H., Yale, S. A., FLAUM, M. M., Endicott, J., & Gorman, J. M. (1993) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.150.6.873 · Cited by 1,100
A new instrument for measuring insight: the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale
Beck, A. T. (2003) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(03)00189-0 · Cited by 871
A self‐report Insight Scale for psychosis: reliability, validity and sensitivity to change
Birchwood, M. J., Smith, J., Drury, V., Healy, J., Macmillan, F., & Slade, M. (1994) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01487.x · Cited by 695
Lysaker, P. H., Roe, D., & Yanos, P. T. (2006) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbl016 · Cited by 688
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 154 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–142 of 142
Preserved electrophysiological markers of confidence in schizophrenia spectrum disorder
Rouy, M., Roger, M., Goueytes, D., Pereira, M., Roux, P., & Faivre, N. (2023) · Schizophrenia · doi:10.1038/s41537-023-00333-4 · Cited by 3
Patterns and correlates of insight among patients with schizophrenia in China:A network perspective
Wang, F., Yang, Y., Tan, W., Lin, H.-C., Yang, C.-J., Lin, Y.-Q., Jia, F., Wang, S.-B., & Hou, C. (2023) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103735 · Cited by 3
Patients' insight and felt stigma among psychiatric patients
Mahmoud, A. S., & Berma, A. (2016) · IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science · doi:10.9790/1959-0504012027 · Cited by 3
Mamano, M., Puche, P. P., Espinosa, V., Usall, J., Barajas, A., Baños, I., Sánchez, B., Dolz, M., & Ochoa, S. (2025) · Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría · doi:10.62641/aep.v53i4.1925 · Cited by 2
Khalifesoltani, F., Hajializadeh, K., & Ahadi, H. (2020) · doi:10.32592/ajnpp.2021.8.2.105 · Cited by 2
Gelencser, C. R., Sauvé, G., Konsztowicz, S., Bélanger, C., & Lepage, M. (2022) · Psychosis · doi:10.1080/17522439.2022.2109717 · Cited by 2
Yang, H., Chen, J., Ye, J., Zhou, T., Wang, W., Pan, Y., Wei, Y., Lu, X., Yuan, L., Wu, S., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1284559 · Cited by 2
From diagnostic conformity to co-narration of self-insight in mental health care
Ermers, N. J., Franssen, G., Scheepers, F. E., van Sambeek, N., & van Geelen, S. M. (2024) · Nature Mental Health · doi:10.1038/s44220-024-00284-4 · Cited by 2
Schandrin, A., Picot, M., Marin, G., André, M., Gardes, J., Léger, A., O'Donoghue, B. N., Raffard, S., Abbar, M., & Capdevielle, D. (2022) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2021.12.016 · Cited by 2
The relationship of insight with psychopathological dimensions in patients with schizophrenia
Huang, S., & Chang, C. (2021) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.1177/20438087211019932 · Cited by 1
INVESTIGATION OF THE INSIGHT LEVEL IN SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS: A REVIEW STUDY
ŞİMŞEK, P. (2023) · the Journal of Academic Social Sciences · doi:10.29228/asos.72904 · Cited by 1
Mervis, J., Kuhney, F. S., Russell, M. T., Kinney, K. S., Olino, T. M., Mittal, V. A., Schiffman, J. E., & Ellman, L. M. (2025) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.02.004 · Cited by 1
Does insight improve during the course of psychosis?
Seif, P., del Re, E. C., Tamminga, C. A., Pearlson, G. D., Clementz, B. A., McDowell, J., Ivleva, E. I., Hamada, K., Hill, S. K., Keedy, S., et al. (2025) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2025.11.005 · Cited by 1
Mental time travel and insight in schizophrenia
Seif, P. (2025) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291725102572 · Cited by 1
Afshar, H., Khalifesoltani, F., Hajializadeh, K., & Ahadi, H. (2021) · International journal of body, mind and culture · doi:10.22122/ijbmc.v8i1.287 · Cited by 1
Kim, J., Romero, L., Iwata, Y., Caravaggio, F., Remington, G. J., Graff‐Guerrero, A., Gerretsen, P., & Agid, O. (2022) · Annals of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.12788/acp.0081 · Cited by 1
The Developing Brain as a Target for Experimental Treatments in Modeling Pathological Processes
Pankova, N. B., & Латанов, А. В. (2020) · Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology · doi:10.1007/s11055-020-00936-9 · Cited by 1
Zito, M. F., Subotnik, K. L., Ventura, J., Kern, R. S., Green, M. F., & Nuechterlein, K. H. (2021) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2021.02.020 · Cited by 1
Bhavsar, H. P. (2022) · International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research · doi:10.52403/ijshr.20220450
Wang, F., Huang, Z., Migliorini, C., Wang, S., Chen, Z.-L., Wang, Q., He, X., Harvey, C. A., & Hou, C. (2022) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103434 · Cited by 1
Waldorf, M., Pruβ, L., & Wiedl, K. H. (2017) · Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology · doi:10.1891/1945-8959.16.1.94
Prevention of severe mental disorders in low-resource settings
Verma, R. (2017) · Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_45_17
Ogawa, Y., Fukuhara, K., Tanaka, H., Nagata, Y., Ishimaru, D., Urakawa, M., & Nishikawa, T. (2021) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001392
Theoretische Annahmen: Kognitive Verzerrungen bei Wahn
Moritz, S., Krieger, E. C., Bohn, F., Elmers, J., & Veckenstedt, R. (2022) · Psychotherapie: Manuale · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-64467-6_3
Risk factors for non-therapeutic adhesion in patients with schizophrenia
Dutu, I., Matei, V. P., & Tudose, C. (2019) · Romanian Journal of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy · doi:10.37897/rjpp.2019.4.5
The Insight of Patients and Their Parents Differ in the Early Phase of Psychosis
Goršić, L., Caratan, S., Lovko, S. K., Goršić, H., Požgain, I., & Restek-Petrović, B. (2023) · Archives of Psychiatry Research · doi:10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.08
The complex lived experience of schizophrenia diagnosis: A thematic analysis of online forum postsPreprint
Lyons, M. T., Gupta, V., Blaney, P. S., Ogenyi, A., Webster, E., & Brewer, G. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3771456/v1
Zhu, C., Huang, Y., Zhu, W., Jiang, X., Liang, Y., Tang, W., & Xu, Z. (2024) · Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría
Öztürk, L. K., Gürlek, S., & Sezer, K. Ş. (2024) · Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences · doi:10.62425/esbder.1421241
Rae, J., Lavigne, K. M., Sauvé, G., Lepage, M., & Raucher‐Chéné, D. (2025) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/07067437251329074
López‐Díaz, Á., López-Moríñigo, J.-D., de la Foz, V. O., Marín-Mateo, H., Ortíz-Jiménez, M. D., Huarcaya-Victoria, J., Talavera, G. G., González‐Blanch, C., Crespo‐Facorro, B., Cuesta, M. J., et al. (2025) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2025.10850
Moritz, A. A., Radionov, D. S., Roerich, D. S., & Ivanov, M. V. (2025) · Psikhiatriya · doi:10.30629/2618-6667-2025-23-5-92-105 · Cited by 2
Gawron, L., Portella, M. J., & Pousa, E. (2026) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2026.116965
Huang, S., & Hsu, W. (2026) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/pra.0000000000000898
Martin, S. S. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/31e97cd6z44aaz43f8z9772z56f775d2c86a
Pinkham, A. E., Berretta, S. A., Abaya, N. M., Mendoza, S., Ackerman, R. A., Harvey, P. D., Moore, R. C., & Depp, C. A. (2026) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbag060
Changes in insight and outcome over the early course of first-episode psychosis. The OPTiMiSE trial
López-Moríñigo, J.-D., Díaz‐Caneja, C. M., Galvañ, J., Fraguas, D., Moreno, C., Berger, G., Leucht, S., Rossum, I. W.-V., David, A. L., & Arango, C. (2026) · Schizophrenia Research Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.scog.2026.100441
Chen, X., & Yaowu, G. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1931821
Autobiographical memory and self-awareness in neuropsychiatric conditions
Lenzoni, S., Huntley, J. D., Morris, R. G., & Mograbi, D. C. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-33040-7.00029-4
Pekker, M. V., Shchelkova, O. Y., & Gvozdetsky, A. N. (2026) · Clinical Psychology and Special Education · doi:10.17759/cpse.2026150307
Mitsubayashi, R., Tarutani, S., Amano, M., Furuya, T., & Sugaya, T. (2026) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2026.10.014
Metadata
- Authors
- Belvederi Murri, M., Respino, M., Innamorati, M., Cervetti, A., Calcagno, P., Pompili, M., Lamis, D. A., Ghio, L., & Amore, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Genoa (IT)
- European University of Rome (IT)
- Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea (IT)
- Emory University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 162
- Issue
- 1-3
- Pages
- 234-247
- ISSN
- 0920-9964 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2096974104
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 154
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 1.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa) (submittedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, insight
- MeSH terms
- Awareness, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review