The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Hazardous substances in separately collected grey- and blackwater from ordinary Swedish households
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to present the mass flows of a number of selected hazardous substances in raw, separate grey- and blackwater from ordinary Swedish households. The Vibyasen housing area was selected for the investigation since its wastewater system has separate flows for grey- and blackwater. Due to the high analytical costs, a limited number of hazardous substances had to be selected and the number of samples restricted. The greywater flow was manually measured and the samples were collected at set time intervals. The blackwater samples were randomly collected from a blackwater tank. A total of 105 selected hazardous substances were measured in both fractions. Of the 24 elements (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, S, Al, Ag, As, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Pt, Sb, Sn, Te, Zn) measured in both fractions, 22 were detected in the greywater and 23 in the blackwater. 81 organic substances were selected and measured in both fractions (nonylphenol- and octylphenol ethoxylates, brominated flame-retardants, organotin compounds, PAH, PCB, phthalates, monocyclic aromatics, and triclosan). 46 organic substances were found in greywater and 26 in blackwater. PCB was the only group found in neither grey- nor blackwater. The greywater flow fluctuated, with a specific average flow of 66 L per person and day. The composition of blackwater also fluctuated, with shifting proportions of urine, faeces, and flush water. The specific average blackwater flow was 28.5 L per person and day. The mixture of substances in separate wastewater fractions from Swedish households was too complex to exactly distinguish their specific sources.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Other hazardous substances such as brominated flame retardants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, monocyclic aromatics, triclosans and phthalates have been identified in greywater.
“Other hazardous substances such as brominated flame retardants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, monocyclic aromatics, triclosans and phthalates have been identified in greywater (Palmquist and Hanaeus 2005).”
From Greywater Characteristics, Treatment Systems, Reuse Strategies and User Perception—a Review (2018) · cites this paper as Palmquist and Hanaeus 2005
Citations
Cites
Characteristics of grey wastewater
Eriksson, E., Auffarth, K., Henze, M., & Ledin, A. (2002) · Urban Water · doi:10.1016/s1462-0758(01)00064-4 · Cited by 951
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Jefferson, 1999, Technologies for domestic wastewater recycling, Urban Water, 1, 285, 10.1016/S1462-0758(00)00030-3 · DOI
- Palmquist, 2004, A Swedish overview of selecting hazardous substances as pollution indicators in wastewater, Management of Environmental Quality, 15, 186, 10.1108/14777830410523116 · DOI
- Tchobanoglous, G, Burton, FL, Stensel, HD. Wastewater Engineering. Treatment and Reuse. 4th ed. (Int. Ed). Metcalf and Eddy, McGraw-Hill, New York; 2003, 181–191 [1819 pp.].
- Vinnerås, B. Possibilities for Sustainable Nutrient Recycling by Faecal Separation Combined with Urine Diversion. Uppsala: Department of Agricultural Engineering, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Doctoral thesis Agraria 353, 2002.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Greywater Characteristics, Treatment Systems, Reuse Strategies and User Perception—a Review
Oteng-Peprah, M., Acheampong, M. A., & deVries, N. K. (2018) · Water, Air, & Soil Pollution · doi:10.1007/s11270-018-3909-8 · Cited by 367
A review of greywater characteristics and treatment processes
Boyjoo, Y., Pareek, V. K., & Ang, M. (2013) · Water Science and Technology · doi:10.2166/wst.2013.675 · Cited by 272
Greywater characterization and loadings – physicochemical treatment to promote onsite reuse
Noutsopoulos, C., Andreadakis, A., Kouris, N., Charchousi, D., Mendrinou, P., Galani, A., Mantziaras, I., & Koumaki, E. (2018) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.05.094 · Cited by 188
Quantity and quality characteristics of greywater: A review
Shaikh, I. N., & Ahammed, M. M. (2020) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110266 · Cited by 175
Grey water characteristics and treatment options for rural areas in Jordan
HALALSHEH, M., DALAHMEH, S., SAYED, M., SULEIMAN, W., SHAREEF, M., MANSOUR, M., & SAFI, M. (2008) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.12.029 · Cited by 146
Comparison of Three Systems for Biological Greywater Treatment
Hernández Leal, L., Temmink, H., Zeeman, G., & Buisman, C. J. N. (2010) · Water · doi:10.3390/w2020155 · Cited by 122
Grey water characterisation and pollutant loads in an urban slum
Katukiza, A. Y., Ronteltap, M., Niwagaba, C. B., Kansiime, F., & Lens, P. N. L. (2015) · International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s13762-013-0451-5 · Cited by 92
Resources and nutrients oriented greywater treatment for non-potable reuses
Li, F., Behrendt, J., Wichmann, K., & Otterpohl, R. (2008) · Water Science and Technology · doi:10.2166/wst.2008.601 · Cited by 50
Organic matter and heavy metals in grey-water sludge
Eriksson, E., Srigirisetty, S., & Eilersen, A. M. (2010) · Water SA · doi:10.4314/wsa.v36i1.50921 · Cited by 20
Metadata
- Authors
- Palmquist, H., & Hanæus, J.
- Affiliations
- Luleå University of Technology (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Palmquist, Helena
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-09
- Volume
- 348
- Issue
- 1-3
- Pages
- 151-163
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2019594835
- Cited by
- 183
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 17.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Urban Stormwater Management Solutions
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Keywords
- greywater, blackwater, domestic wastewater, hazardous substances, mass flow, trace elements, organic pollutants, nonylphenol ethoxylates, octylphenol ethoxylates, brominated flame retardants, organotin compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, phthalates, triclosan
- MeSH terms
- Housing, Metals, Organic Chemicals, Sweden, Waste Disposal, Fluid, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Hazardous Substances
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
