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Cited by 229Urban Stormwater Management SolutionsUrban Heat Island MitigationSoil and Unsaturated Flow

Quantifying volume reduction and peak flow mitigation for three bioretention cells in clay soils in northeast Ohio

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Winston, Ryan J., Dorsey, Jay D., Hunt, William F.·2016·Science of The Total Environment
DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.081
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Abstract

Green infrastructure aims to restore watershed hydrologic function by more closely mimicking pre-development groundwater recharge and evapotranspiration (ET). Bioretention has become a popular stormwater control due to its ability to reduce runoff volume through these pathways. Three bioretention cells constructed in low permeability soils in northeast Ohio were monitored for non-winter quantification of inflow, drainage, ET, and exfiltration. The inclusion of an internal water storage (IWS) zone allowed the three cells to reduce runoff by 59%, 42%, and 36% over the monitoring period, in spite of the tight underlying soils. The exfiltration rate and the IWS zone thickness were the primary determinants of volume reduction performance. Post-construction measured drawdown rates were higher than pre-construction soil vertical hydraulic conductivity tests in all cases, due to lateral exfiltration from the IWS zones and ET, which are not typically accounted for in pre-construction soil testing. The minimum rainfall depths required to produce outflow for the three cells were 5.5, 7.4, and 13.8mm. During events with 1-year design rainfall intensities, peak flow reduction varied from 24 to 96%, with the best mitigation during events where peak rainfall rate occurred before the centroid of the rainfall volume, when adequate bowl storage was available to limit overflow.

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  • The common bioretention media has a top layer of mulch (2-3 inches) followed by a homogenous mixture that is more than 80% sand, 8-12% fines, and 3-5% organic matter.

    “The common bioretention media has a top layer of mulch (2-3 inches) followed by a homogenous mixture that is more than 80% sand, 8-12% fines, and 3-5% organic matter [15].”

    From Application of Biochar in Stormwater Treatment: Experimental and Modeling Investigation (2021) · cites this paper as [15]

    The Introduction describes bioretention media as predominantly sand mixed with fines and organic matter. The Site Descriptions report 7.5 cm (about 3 inches) of mulch over all three cells and more than 80% sand, but they do not establish the quoted percentages as a common specification: the UC cell had 13% fines, while the two HA cells had only 1.0% and 1.4% organic matter. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. Booth, D., Hartley, D., Jackson, R., 2002. Forest cover, impervious surface area, and the mitigation of storm-water impacts. J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. 38(3), 835-845.
  2. City of Omaha, 2014. Omaha regional stormwater design manual. Chapter 8: Stormwater best management practices. City of Omaha environmental quality control division. Available: http://www.omahastormwater.org/download/chapter-8-stormwater-best-management-practices/
  3. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA- NRCS), 1986. Urban hydrology for small watersheds. Technical Release 55 (TR-55). 2nd edition. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service, Conservation Engineering Division.
  4. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA- NRCS), 2007a. Estimation of Direct Runoff from Storm Rainfall. Part 630, Chapter 10, National Engineering Handbook. Natural Resources Conservation Service.
  5. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA- NRCS), 2007b. Hydrologic Soil Groups. Part 630, Chapter 7, National Engineering Handbook. Natural Resources Conservation Service.

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Authors
Winston, R. J., Dorsey, J. D., & Hunt, W. F.
Affiliations
  • North Carolina State University (US)
  • Ohio Department of Natural Resources (US)
Corresponding author
Winston, Ryan J.
ORCID
Venue
Science of The Total Environment
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2016-05
Volume
553
Pages
83-95
ISSN
0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.081
OpenAlex
W2281688632
Cited by
229
References
77
Citations by year
2026: 18 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1
FWCI
15.61
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • The Science of The Total Environment (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • NOAA Institutional Repository (submittedVersion, public-domain)
Funders
  • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
  • University of New Hampshire
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Urban Stormwater Management Solutions
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Urban Heat Island Mitigation
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Soil and Unsaturated Flow
Keywords
bioretention, stormwater management, clay soil, low-permeability soils, runoff volume reduction, exfiltration, evapotranspiration, groundwater recharge, drawdown rate, rainfall depth, green infrastructure, Northeast Ohio
MeSH terms
Clay, Aluminum Silicates, Ohio, Soil, Waste Disposal, Fluid, Water Movements, Water Supply, Hydrology

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