Comparison of diverse estimation methods for personal exposure to air pollutants and associations with allergic symptoms: The Allergy & Gene-Environment Link (ANGEL) study
Abstract
We estimated the exposure to ambient air pollutants and analyzed the associations with allergic diseases. We enrolled 177 children with atopic dermatitis (AD) and 70 asthmatic adults living in Seoul Metropolitan Area, Korea, and followed for 17months between August 2013 and December 2014. Parents or patients recorded symptom scores on a daily basis. Exposure to particulate matter with a diameter 10 ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) was estimated in four different ways in each individual, using the AQ1 (measurements from the nearest air quality monitoring station to residential houses), AQ2 (measurements modified from AQ1 with the indoor level of air pollutants and time activity of each individual), AQ1-DI, and AQ2-DI (measurements modified from AQ1 and AQ2, respectively, with daily inhalation intakes of air pollutants). A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to analyze the associations between exposure metrics and clinical symptoms after adjusting for ambient temperature and humidity, age, season, gender, and time trend. The exposure metrics for PM 10 and NO 2 showed different distributions. Symptoms of AD and asthma were positively associated with exposure to PM 10 , but not NO 2 , in all exposure metrics. The effect size of PM 10 exposure on asthma symptoms was slightly greater in metrics with inhalation capacity (AQ-DIs) than in those without (AQs). This pattern was not observed in AD. Exposure to PM 10 is associated with symptom aggravation in childhood AD and adul…
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Some studies reported women at a higher risk of developing atopic dermatitis on exposure to air pollutants.
“While some studies reported women at a higher risk of developing AD on exposure to air pollutants [32, 49, 59, 60], other studies reported male individuals at higher risk of developing AD with association with PM [20, 61].”
From Air Pollution and Skin Diseases: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Evidence (2026) · cites this paper as [59]
Cites
The Prevalence of Atopic Dermatitis in Korean Children
Ahn, K. (2016) · Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research · doi:10.4168/aair.2016.8.1.1 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
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Kim, Y.-M., Kim, J., Jung, K., Eo, S., & Ahn, K. (2018) · International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.05.006 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationKim, Y.-M., Oh, I., Kim, J., Kang, Y.-H., & Ahn, K. (2020) · Atmosphere · doi:10.3390/atmos11090921 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationAir Pollution and Skin Diseases: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Evidence
Singh, N., Schikowski, T., & Krutmann, J. (2026) · American Journal of Clinical Dermatology · doi:10.1007/s40257-026-01006-5 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kim, Y.-M., Kim, J., Han, Y., Lee, B.-J., Choi, D.-C., Cheong, H.-K., Jeon, B.-H., Oh, I., Bae, G.-N., Lee, J. Y., Kim, C.-H., Seo, S., Noh, S. R., & Ahn, K.
- Affiliations
- Samsung Medical Center (KR)
- Sungkyunkwan University (KR)
- University of Ulsan (KR)
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KR)
- Korea University (KR)
- Seoul National University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Ahn, Kangmo
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-02
- Volume
- 579
- Pages
- 1127-1136
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2558556772
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 1.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Korea Ministry of Environment (2013001360002)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Keywords
- air pollution, PM10, nitrogen dioxide, atopic dermatitis, asthma, allergic symptoms, exposure metrics, inhalation dose, children, adults, Seoul
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Asthma, Child, Dermatitis, Atopic, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Male, Nitrogen Dioxide, Ozone, Particulate Matter, Seoul
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