The effects of particulate matter on atopic dermatitis symptoms are influenced by weather type: Application of spatial synoptic classification (SSC)
Abstract
The effects of weather and air pollution on atopic dermatitis (AD) flares have not been well investigated. To investigate the effects of particulate matter (PM) on AD symptoms by weather type, a total of 125 young children (76 boys and 49 girls) under 6 years of age with AD living in Seoul, Korea, were enrolled as a panel and followed for 17 months between August 2013 and December 2014. AD symptoms were recorded on a daily basis, including itching, sleep disturbance, erythema, dry skin, oozing, and edema. Daily weather was classified into 7 categories according to spatial synoptic classification (SSC). Personal exposure to PM with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 and 10 μm (PM 2.5 and PM 10, respectively) in each individual was estimated with time-weighted average concentrations considering outdoor and indoor levels of PMs and time to spend outdoors or indoors in a day. Generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze the effects of PM 2.5 and PM 10 on AD symptoms, controlling for ambient temperature, humidity, age, sex, SCORAD (SCORing of AD) at enrollment, fever, day of week, and topical corticosteroid use. A total of 20,168 person-days of symptom records were collected. The presence of AD symptoms was higher on dry polar (DP) days (45.4%, P < .0001) than on moist tropical (MT) days (37.7%, P < .0001). Overall, the risk of AD symptoms significantly increased with increased exposure to PM 2.5 and PM 10. Among the 7 weather types, the risks of AD symptoms caused by PM 2.5 and PM 10 exposure were significantly increased on dry moderate (DM) days, while not significant on the other weather types. In addition, lagged effect of PM 2.5 up to 4 days was found on DM days. In conclusion, dry moderate weather type, particulate matters, and their modifying effects should be simultaneously considered for proper management of AD.
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Several short-term studies reported lag effects of air pollutants on atopic dermatitis, with the most popular lag choice varying from 0 to 5 days and most studies showing the strongest effect at Lag0.
“Several short-term studies (mostly TS) have reported lag effects of air pollutants on AD, with the most popular lag choice varying from 0 to 5 days and with most studies showing the strongest effect at Lag0 (current day) [40, 51, 62].”
From Air Pollution and Skin Diseases: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Evidence (2026) · cites this paper as [62]
The risk of experiencing pollution-induced disease symptoms was shown to be higher in dry-moderate weather conditions.
“In a further study88 conducted on 125 children aged 6 years at most, the risk of experiencing pollution‐induced disease symptoms was shown to be higher in dry–moderate weather conditions.”
From The impact of airborne pollution on skin (2019) · cites this paper as [88]
Our previous epidemiologic studies showed that PM2.5 is associated with the exacerbation of AD in children.
“Our previous epidemiologic studies also showed that PM2.5 is associated with the exacerbation of AD in children (24–26).”
From Particulate matter causes skin barrier dysfunction. (2021) · cites this paper as [25]
The concentrations of PM2.5 in Asian countries are higher than in European countries.
“The concentrations of PM2.5 in Asian countries are higher than in European countries (https://aqicn.org) (25, 70, 71).”
From Particulate matter causes skin barrier dysfunction. (2021) · cites this paper as [25]
The outdoor concentrations of PM2.5 in cities such as Seoul, Korea, and Beijing, China, reach up to 200 μg/m3 and 800 μg/m3, respectively.
“The outdoor concentrations of PM2.5 in cities such as Seoul, Korea, and Beijing, China, reach up to 200 μg/m3 (about 0.2 ng/mL) and 800 μg/m3 (about 0.8 ng/mL), respectively (https://aqicn.org) (2, 25, 70, 75).”
From Particulate matter causes skin barrier dysfunction. (2021) · cites this paper as [25]
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- Authors
- Kim, Y.-M., Kim, J., Jung, K., Eo, S., & Ahn, K.
- Affiliations
- Samsung Medical Center (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Ahn, Kangmo
- Venue
- International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-06
- Volume
- 221
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 823-829
- ISSN
- 1438-4639 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2807688053
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 3.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Environmental Health Research Center Project by the Ministry of Environment, Korea
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Keywords
- atopic dermatitis, particulate matter, PM2.5, PM10, weather types, spatial synoptic classification, air pollution exposure, children, symptom flares, lagged exposure effects
- MeSH terms
- Air Pollutants, Child, Preschool, Dermatitis, Atopic, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Weather, Particulate Matter
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