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Heavy metals in food crops, soil, and water in the Lihe River Watershed of the Taihu Region and their potential health risks when ingested
Abstract
Environmental pollution by heavy metals resulting from rapid economic development is a major concern. Soil, water, wheat, and rice samples were collected from the Lihe River Watershed in the Taihu Region (east China). In this study area, many types of industrial plants, including ceramics factories, plants working with refractory materials, and chemical plants are densely distributed and cause serious heavy metal pollution. In addition, well-developed transportation and agricultural activities are also important sources of heavy metals. Thus, the concentrations of selected heavy metals including cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in the samples were analyzed to evaluate their potential integral risk (IR) to the health of the local population. Accordingly, the spatial distribution pattern of the IR values was determined in the study. The soil in the study area showed heavy Cd pollution, whereas the pollution by other elements was relatively slight. When the proportions of grain samples in which the concentrations exceeded the tolerance limits were examined, the grains were primarily contaminated with Pb, Ni, Cd, and Zn; and less contaminated with Cu and Cr. The drinking water of the local inhabitants was safe. The average IR value was 3.53 for adults and 3.91 for children, indicating that both adults and children may experience adverse health effects. The spatial distribution pattern of the IR values among the exposed populations in the study area showed high values in the eastern and middle parts, with maximum values >5, and low values in the western part, with minimum values <2. This is consistent with the distributions of the industries and the population. The study may provide a basis for comparison to other regions both in China and worldwide.
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Accumulated and elevated potentially toxic element concentrations in crops have raised increasing public health concerns.
“Accumulated and elevated PTE concentrations in crops have raised increasing public health concerns (Antoniadis et al., 2017a;Bolan et al., 2013c;Chen et al., 2018;Liu et al., 2017;Zang et al., 2017).”
From Soil amendments for immobilization of potentially toxic elements in contaminated soils: A critical review (2020) · cites this paper as Chen et al., 2018
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Metadata
- Authors
- Chen, L., Zhou, S., Shi, Y., Wang, C., Li, B., Li, Y., & Wu, S.
- Affiliations
- Nanjing University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Wu, Shaohua
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-02
- Volume
- 615
- Pages
- 141-149
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2757657842
- Cited by
- 312
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 32
- FWCI
- 14.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Key Technology Support Program of Jiangsu Province (BE2015708)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Water Quality and Pollution Assessment
- Keywords
- heavy metal contamination, cadmium, soil contamination, food crops, wheat, rice, drinking water quality, health risk assessment, spatial distribution of pollution, industrial pollution sources, Taihu region, children and adults exposure
- MeSH terms
- China, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, Soil, Soil Pollutants, Crops, Agricultural, Risk Assessment, Metals, Heavy, Rivers
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