The DOI matches its Crossref record.
PCDD/F determination in sewage sludge composting. Influence of aeration and the presence of PCP
Open accessAbstract
Composting of sewage sludge is a common practice for sludge disposal. Some previous studies found high levels of polychorodibenzo-p-dioxins and polychorodibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) after composting, especially octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) but also 1234678-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1234678-HpCDD) to a lesser extent. In this work, the concentrations of OCDD, 1234678-HpCDD and the rest of the 17 toxic congeners of PCDD/Fs were determined in compost obtained under different conditions. Although the toxicity of the two compounds mentioned above is small, their generation may reach undesirable levels. The PCDD/F content was analyzed in a composting plant and in a laboratory test. In both cases, the composted material was a mixture of sewage sludge, straw and sawdust. The composting plant was a tunnel with air turbine aeration and with a turner to homogenize and move the mixture upwards. The laboratory tests were carried out with Dewar vessels (with air dispersion at the bottom and controlled temperature) and with small vessels inside a controlled oven with non-forced aeration. The laboratory runs were also carried out with the addition of pentachlorophenol in some runs, as a dioxin precursor. The highest OCDD levels were found in three samples of the composting plant (30000-90000pg/g dry matter or dm), with toxicity values surpassing the limit level for soil amendment (17pgI-TEQ/gdm). Their formation was analyzed considering their concentration vs. that of octachorodibenzofuran (OCDF), which is not formed during composting. In the laboratory, in experiments carried out in a vessel with non-forced aeration conditions and with the addition of pentachlorophenol, the formation of OCDD was significant (e.g. from 80 to 1500pg/gdm). That means that these two factors, non-forced aeration and the presence of pentachlorophenol, can cause the OCDD formation.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Fe sulfate can modify biochar surface morphology by inducing the growth of dense lamellar crystals.
“Previous studies also indicate that Fe sulfate can modify biochar surface morphology by inducing the growth of dense lamellar crystals.28”
From Comparative study on the CO2 capture performance of sludge pyrolysis biochar prepared with different inorganic dehydrating conditioners (2026) · cites this paper as [28]
The laboratory-runs passage (section 2.2; page unavailable) describes sewage-sludge composting under different aeration conditions, not biochar treatment. Searches for Fe sulfate, biochar morphology, and lamellar crystals found no passage addressing the claim in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
No references could be resolved yet.
Research works printed but not linked: 33
- Brändli, 2007, Organic pollutants in compost and digestate. Part 2. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and-furans, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, brominated flame retardants, perfluorinated alkyl substances, pesticides, and other compounds, J. Environ. Monit., 9, 465, 10.1039/B617103F · DOI
- Dimmel, 1993, Formation mechanisms of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans during pulp chlorination, Environ. Sci. Technol., 27, 2553, 10.1021/es00048a037 · DOI
- Disse, 1995, Comparison of PCDD and PCDF concentrations after aerobic and anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge, Chemosphere, 31, 3617, 10.1016/0045-6535(95)00210-Y · DOI
- Field, 2008, Microbial degradation of chlorinated dioxins, Chemosphere, 71, 1005, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.10.039 · DOI
- Gómez-Rico, 2007, Study of PCDD/Fs formation during composting of sewage sludge in different conditions, Organohalogen Compd., 69, 1570
- Grigatti, 2004, Evolution of organic matter from sewage sludge and garden trimming during composting, Bioresour. Technol., 91, 163, 10.1016/S0960-8524(03)00170-6 · DOI
- Hamann, 1997, Determination of the PCDD/F levels in large-scale sewage sludge composting, Organohalogen Compd., 32, 400
- Holt, 2008, Assessing dioxin precursors in pesticide formulations and environmental samples as a source of octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in soil and sediment, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 1472, 10.1021/es071687r · DOI
- Kelessidis, 2012, Comparative study of the methods used for treatment and final disposal of sewage sludge in European countries, Waste Manag., 32, 1186, 10.1016/j.wasman.2012.01.012 · DOI
- Klimm, 1998, Formation of octa- and heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins during semi anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge, Chemosphere, 37, 2003, 10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00264-1 · DOI
- Lahl, 1991, PCDD/PCDF balance of different municipal waste management methods, Chemosphere, 23, 1481, 10.1016/0045-6535(91)90173-B · DOI
- Laine, 1997, Fate and toxicity of chlorophenols, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and dibenzofurans during composting of contaminated sawmill soil, Environ. Sci. Technol., 31, 3244, 10.1021/es970233z · DOI
- Lim, 2017, Nitrogen, carbon, and dry matter losses during composting of livestock manure with two bulking agents as affected by co-amendments of phosphogypsum and zeolite, Ecol. Eng., 102, 280, 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.02.031 · DOI
- Llerena, 2003, An episode of dioxin contamination in feedingstuff: the choline chloride case, Chemosphere, 53, 679, 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00825-1 · DOI
- Malloy, 1993, PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs, chlorophenols (CPs) and chlorobenzenes (CBzs) in samples from various types of composting facilities in the United States, Chemosphere, 27, 325, 10.1016/0045-6535(93)90309-S · DOI
- Mardones, 2008, Determination of pentachlorophenol and tribromophenol in sawdust by ultrasound-assisted extraction and MEKC, J. Sep. Sci., 31, 1124, 10.1002/jssc.200700403 · DOI
- Mardones, 2009, Tribromophenol and pentachlorophenol uptake from sawdust to horticultural products, Food Addit. Contam. A., 26, 1362, 10.1080/02652030902821788 · DOI
- Masunaga, 2001, Dioxin and dioxin-like PCB impurities in some Japanese agrochemical formulations, Chemosphere, 44, 873, 10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00310-6 · DOI
- Muñoz, 2013, Use of thermogravimetry for single characterisation of samples of the composting process from sewage sludge, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 103, 261, 10.1016/j.jaap.2013.01.001 · DOI
- Muñoz, 2014, PCDD/F formation from chlorophenols by lignin and manganese peroxidases, Chemosphere, 110, 129, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.02.029 · DOI
- Öberg, 1992, Biochemical formation of PCDD/Fs from chlorophenols, Chemosphere, 25, 49, 10.1016/0045-6535(92)90477-9 · DOI
- Öberg, 1990, Peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of chlorophenols to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxinas and dibenzofurans, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 19, 930, 10.1007/BF01055064 · DOI
- Öberg, 1993, De novo formation of PCDD/Fs in compost and sewage sludge — a status report, Organohalogen Compd., 11, 297
- Öberg, 1994, Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and non-ortho PCBs in household organic-waste compost and mature garden waste compost, Organohalogen Compd., 20, 245
- Peltre, 2015, Repeated soil application of organic waste amendments reduces draught force and fuel consumption for soil tillage, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 211, 94, 10.1016/j.agee.2015.06.004 · DOI
- Pitea, 2008, Prevention of PCDD/F formation and minimization of their emission at the stack of a secondary aluminum casting plant, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 7476, 10.1021/es800976s · DOI
- Sanz, 2006, Effect of temperature and organic nutrients on the biodegradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) during the composting of anaerobically digested sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, Waste Manag., 26, 1237, 10.1016/j.wasman.2005.09.016 · DOI
- Svenson, 1989, Enzyme-mediated formation of 2,3,7,8-tetrasubstituted chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans, Environ. Sci. Technol., 23, 900, 10.1021/es00065a022 · DOI
- Tuomela, 2000, Biodegradation of lignin in a compost environment: a review, Bioresour. Technol., 72, 169, 10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00104-2 · DOI
- Tuppurainen, 2003, Perspectives on the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans during municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration and other combustion processes, Acc. Chem. Res., 36, 652, 10.1021/ar020104+ · DOI
- Van den Berg, 2006, The 2005 World Health Organization reevaluation of human and Mammalian toxic equivalency factors for dioxins and dioxin-like compounds, Toxicol. Sci., 2, 223, 10.1093/toxsci/kfl055 · DOI · Paper page
- Wittsiepe, 2000, Myeloperoxidase-catalyzed formation of PCDD/F from chlorophenols, Chemosphere, 40, 963, 10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00340-9 · DOI
- Zhang, 2016, De novo synthesis in iron ore sintering, Int. J. Environ. Pollut., 60, 111, 10.1504/IJEP.2016.082114 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Huang, Y., Zhang, Y., Dong, R., Fang, J., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Tang, T., & Deng, J. (2026) · Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution · doi:10.36922/ajwep026120081
Metadata
- Authors
- Muñoz, M., Garrido, M. A., Gomez-Rico, M. F., & Font, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Alicante (ES)
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-03
- Volume
- 616-617
- Pages
- 763-773
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2765324832
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 1.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion)
- RUA, Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Alicante (Universidad de Alicante) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Universidad de Alicante (PROMETEOII/2014/007)
- Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad
- Generalitat Valenciana (CTQ2013-41006-R)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Composting and Vermicomposting Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microbial bioremediation and biosurfactants
- Keywords
- polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, sewage sludge composting, octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, aeration, pentachlorophenol, dioxin precursors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
