China's sponge city development for urban water resilience and sustainability: A policy discussion
Abstract
China recently introduced a national policy initiative called sponge city development as a holistic, ecosystem-based approach integrated with urban planning and development to address storm-induced pluvial flooding as well as other urban water and environmental issues. The initiative, while following the U.S. low impact development with a concept also similar to the U.K. sustainable drainage systems and Australian water sensitive cities, is subject to a major design issue in practice with infrastructure projects of similar types adopted unanimously across regions despite spatially diverse and heterogeneous hydrological and biophysical conditions. The ecosystem services framework as applied to the urban setting, particularly its holistic consideration of ecosystem structure and management intervention in relation to services or benefits delivery, can and should guide the planning, design, development, and evaluation of relevant projects or nature-based practices for carrying out the policy initiative, a perspective of practical value with foreseeable transformative impact that has received little recognition in China's current green urban movement toward water resilience and sustainability.
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Sponge city programs have showcased the efficacy of NbS and the need for urban planning practitioners to better integrate engineering designs into onsite, low-impact development practices while meeting urban policy goals.
“Sponge city programs have not only showcased the efficacy of NbS but also the need for urban planning practitioners to better integrate engineering designs into onsite, low-impact development practices while meeting urban policy goals (106).”
From Global synthesis and regional insights for mainstreaming urban nature-based solutions (2025) · cites this paper as [106]
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Urban Planning Design and Evaluation Based on GIS Information and Bayesian Network
Li, C. (2022) · Mathematical Problems in Engineering · doi:10.1155/2022/5963133
Construction strategy of water-saving landscape in urban gardens under sponge city background
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A Comprehensive Conceptual Framework for the Sponge City Programme
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Study on the Removal and Mechanism of Runoff Pollutants by Different Permeable Paving Systems
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- Authors
- Ma, Y., Jiang, Y., & Swallow, S.
- Affiliations
- Shandong University (CN)
- IHE Delft Institute for Water Education (NL)
- University of Connecticut (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jiang, Yong
- ORCID
- Jiang, Yong
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-08
- Volume
- 729
- Pages
- 139078
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3019438427
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 3.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (71571028)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Urban Stormwater Management Solutions
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Urban Planning and Landscape Design
- Keywords
- sponge city, urban water resilience, urban sustainability, pluvial flooding, low impact development, sustainable urban drainage systems, water sensitive cities, ecosystem services, nature-based solutions, urban planning policy, green infrastructure, China
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