Cited by 604Urban Green Space and HealthCOVID-19 and Mental HealthCOVID-19 impact on air quality

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Contact with blue-green spaces during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown beneficial for mental health.

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Pouso, Sarai, Borja, Ángel, Fleming, Lora E., Gómez-Baggethun, Erik, White, Mathew P., Uyarra, María C.·2021·Science of The Total Environment

DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143984PMC PMC7688424

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Abstract

There is growing evidence that ecosystem services and especially the exposure to the natural world (blue-green spaces) have potential benefits for mental health and well-being. The COVID-19 pandemic and the measures adopted to control it provide a natural experiment to investigate the links between nature exposure and mental health under extreme conditions. Using a survey distributed online, we tested the following hypotheses: 1) People will show greater symptoms of depression and anxiety under lockdown conditions that did not allow contact with outdoor nature spaces; 2) Where access to public outdoor nature spaces was strictly restricted, (2a) those with green/blue nature view or (2b) access to private outdoor spaces such as a garden or balcony will show fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety, and a more positive mood. Based on 5218 responses from 9 countries, we found that lockdown severity significantly affected mental health, while contact with nature helped people to cope with these impacts, especially for those under strict lockdown. People under strict lockdown in Spain (3403 responses), perceived that nature helped them to cope with lockdown measures; and emotions were more positive among individuals with accessible outdoor spaces and blue-green elements in their views. These findings can help decision-makers in developing potential future lockdown measures to mitigate the negative impacts, helping people to be more resilient and maintain better mental health, using the benefits that ecosystem services are providing us.

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Authors: Pouso, S., Borja, Á., Fleming, L. E., Gómez-Baggethun, E., White, M. P., & Uyarra, M. C.
Affiliations: AZTI (ES)
King Abdulaziz University (SA)
University of Exeter (GB)
University of Vienna (AT)
Corresponding author: Pouso, Sarai
ORCID: Pouso, Sarai
Borja, Ángel
Fleming, Lora E.
White, Mathew P.
Venue: Science of The Total Environment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2021-02
Volume: 756
Pages: 143984
ISSN: 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143984
PMC: PMC7688424
OpenAlex: W3109603669
Cited by: 604
References: 83
Citations by year: 2026: 53 · 2025: 77 · 2024: 122 · 2023: 106 · 2022: 148 · 2021: 97
FWCI: 35.22
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
Locations: The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
AZTI Institutional Repository (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
Funders: Horizon 2020
Hezkuntza, Hizkuntza Politika Eta Kultura Saila, Eusko Jaurlaritza
Topics: Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban Green Space and Health
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › COVID-19 impact on air quality
Keywords: green and blue spaces, nature exposure, mental health, COVID-19 lockdown, depression, anxiety, mood, ecosystem services, coping, resilience, private outdoor space
MeSH terms: Parks, Recreational, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Communicable Disease Control, Humans, Mental Health, Spain, Ecosystem, Pandemics

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Contact with blue-green spaces during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown beneficial for mental health.

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