The plastic pandemic: COVID-19 has accelerated plastic pollution, but there is a cure
Open accessAbstract
Plastic pollution is now present in all areas of our planet, including its last wilderness, Antarctica, and the plastic crisis has further escalated because of COVID-19. The pandemic has caused a significant increase in the global consumption of single-use protective items such as masks and gloves. These and other plastic items add to the suite of plastic pollution issues, from entanglement of wildlife to microplastic bioaccumulation. Given plastics are a major threat facing humans and wildlife, swift action to reduce plastic pollution is urgently needed. Solutions to plastic pollution are within reach. With collective, impactful action we will ensure a better future for our planet and ourselves. Here, we propose several measures for decision-makers to implement to achieve a solution and tackle plastic pollution as a united, global community.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a significant surge in plastic consumption due to the heightened demand for single-use personal protective equipment, such as masks and gloves, and an increased reliance on delivery services and online shopping.
“The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a significant surge in plastic consumption due to the heightened demand for single-use personal protective equipment, such as masks and gloves, and an increased reliance on delivery services and online shopping [318,319].”
From Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [319]
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made
Geyer, R., Jambeck, J. R., & Law, K. L. (2017) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.1700782 · Cited by 18,606 · see citing works
Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean
Jambeck, J. R., Geyer, R., Wilcox, C., Siegler, T. R., Perryman, M., Andrady, A., Narayan, R., & Law, K. L. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1260352 · Cited by 13,163 · see citing works
Bisphenol A: An endocrine disruptor with widespread exposure and multiple effects
Rubin, B. S. (2011) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.05.002 · Cited by 1,420 · see citing works
Arctic sea ice is an important temporal sink and means of transport for microplastic
Peeken, I., Primpke, S., Beyer, B., Gütermann, J., Katlein, C., Krumpen, T., Bergmann, M., Hehemann, L., & Gerdts, G. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03825-5 · Cited by 1,066 · see citing works
COVID-19 Pandemic Repercussions on the Use and Management of Plastics
Prata, J. C., Silva, A. L. P., Walker, T. R., Duarte, A. C., & Rocha‐Santos, T. (2020) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c02178 · Cited by 1,011 · see citing works
Covid-19 face masks: A potential source of microplastic fibers in the environment
Fadare, O. O., & Okoffo, E. D. (2020) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140279 · Cited by 907 · see citing works
Public and Environmental Health Effects of Plastic Wastes Disposal: A Review
Alabi, O. A., Ologbonjaye Kehinde, I., Awosolu, O. B., & Alalade, O. E. (2019) · Journal of Toxicology and Risk Assessment · doi:10.23937/2572-4061.1510021 · Cited by 716 · see citing works
Quantitative overview of marine debris ingested by marine megafauna.
Kühn, S., & van Franeker, J. V. (2020) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110858 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
Kim, I., Karthika, V., Kasi, G., et al. (2020) · Food Reviews International · doi:10.1080/87559129.2020.1737709 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Plastic waste release caused by COVID-19 and its fate in the global ocean
Peng, Y., Wu, P., Schartup, A., & Zhang, Y.-X. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.2111530118 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
PCB pollution continues to impact populations of orcas and other dolphins in European waters
Jepson, P. D., Deaville, R., Barber, J. L., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep18573 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Microplastics in the sediments of Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica)
Munari, C., Infantini, V., Scoponi, M., Rastelli, E., Corinaldesi, C., & Mistri, M. (2017) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.039 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
What is an endocrine disruptor?
Monneret, C. (2017) · Comptes Rendus Biologies · doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2017.07.004 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Plastic ingestion by marine fish is widespread and increasing
Savoca, M. S., McInturf, A. G., & Hazen, E. L. (2021) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.15533 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Sullivan, G. L., Delgado-Gallardo, J., Watson, T., & Sarp, S. (2021) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2021.117033 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
The release process of microfibers: from surgical face masks into the marine environment
Saliu, F., Veronelli, M., Raguso, C., Barana, D., Galli, P., & Lasagni, M. (2021) · Environmental Advances · doi:10.1016/j.envadv.2021.100042 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
A quantitative analysis linking sea turtle mortality and plastic debris ingestion
Wilcox, C., Puckridge, M., Schuyler, Q., Townsend, K., & Hardesty, B. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-30038-z · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Laganà, P., Caruso, G., Corsi, I., Bergami, E., Venuti, V., Majolino, D., Ferla, R. L., Azzaro, M., & Cappello, S. (2018) · International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.08.009 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
A quantitative analysis linking seabird mortality and marine debris ingestion
Roman, L., Hardesty, B. D., Hindell, M. A., & Wilcox, C. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-36585-9 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Sun, J., Yang, S., Zhou, G., Zhang, K., Lu, Y., Jin, Q., Lam, P. K. S., Leung, K., & He, Y. (2021) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00748 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Bittner, G. D., Yang, C. Z., & Stoner, M. A. (2014) · Environmental Health · doi:10.1186/1476-069x-13-41 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Overview of global status of plastic presence in marine vertebrates
López‐Martínez, S., Morales‐Caselles, C., Kadar, J., & Rivas, M. L. (2020) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.15416 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationThe effects of COVID-19 litter on animal life
Hiemstra, A., Rambonnet, L., Gravendeel, B., & Schilthuizen, M. (2021) · Animal Biology · doi:10.1163/15707563-bja10052 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Degradation of plastics associated with the COVID-19 pandemic
Pizarro-Ortega, C. I., Dioses-Salinas, D. C., Severini, M. D. F., López, A. D. F., Rimondino, G. N., Benson, N. U., Dobaradaran, S., & De-la-Torre, G. E. (2022) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113474 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Kutralam-Muniasamy, G., Pérez‐Guevara, F., & Shruti, V. C. (2021) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126945 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
De-la-Torre, G. E., Dioses-Salinas, D. C., Pizarro-Ortega, C. I., et al. (2021) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128070 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Phthalate esters in face masks and associated inhalation exposure risk
Wang, X., Okoffo, E. D., Banks, A. P. W., Li, Y., Thomas, K. V., Rauert, C., Aylward, L. L., & Mueller, J. F. (2021) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127001 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Moresco, V., Charatzidou, A., Oliver, D. M., Weidmann, M., Matallana‐Surget, S., & Quilliam, R. S. (2022) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119594 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
De-la-Torre, G. E., Pizarro-Ortega, C. I., Dioses-Salinas, D. C., Ammendolia, J., & Okoffo, E. D. (2021) · Current Opinion in Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.cotox.2021.08.002 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Fate of face masks after being discarded into seawater: Aging and microbial colonization
Ma, J., Chen, F.-Y., Xu, H., Liu, J., Chen, C. C., Zhang, Z., Jiang, H., Li, Y.-P., & Pan, K. (2022) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129084 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Bacterial colonisation dynamics of household plastics in a coastal environment
Lear, L., Padfield, D., Dowsett, T., Jones, M., Kay, S., Hayward, A., & Vos, M. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156199 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Crisafi, F., Smedile, F., Yakimov, M. M., Aulenta, F., Fazi, S., Cono, V. L., Martinelli, A., Lisio, V. D., & Denaro, R. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155731 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Philipp, C., Unger, B., Ehlers, S. M., Koop, J. H. E., & Siebert, U. (2021) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.682532 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Mellish, S., Pearson, E. L., McLeod, E. M., Tuckey, M. R., & Ryan, J. C. (2019) · Journal of Sustainable Tourism · doi:10.1080/09669582.2019.1625908 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Occupational exposure to antimony trioxide: a risk assessment
Schildroth, S., Osborne, G., Smith, A. R., et al. (2020) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oemed-2020-106980 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The plastics revolution : how the Netherlands became a global player in plastics
Lintsen, H., Hollestelle, M. J., & Hölsgens, R. (2017) · TU/e Research Portal · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Plastic Waste: Challenges and Opportunities to Mitigate Pollution and Effective Management
Kibria, M. G., Masuk, N. I., Safayet, R., Nguyen, H. Q., & Mourshed, M. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research · doi:10.1007/s41742-023-00507-z · Cited by 884 · see citing works
Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions
Yılbaşı, Z. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17136145 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
- Authors
- Rivas, M. L., Albion, I., Bernal, B., Handcock, R. N., Heatwole, S. J., Parrott, M. L., Piazza, K. A., & Deschaseaux, E.
- Affiliations
- Universidad de Cádiz (ES)
- Curtin University (AU)
- University of Wollongong (AU)
- Zoos Victoria (AU)
- State University of New York at Oswego (US)
- Southern Cross University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Rivas, Marga L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-11
- Volume
- 847
- Pages
- 157555
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9304335
- OpenAlex
- W4286449402
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 2.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › COVID-19 impact on air quality
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Healthcare and Environmental Waste Management
- Keywords
- plastic pollution, COVID-19 pandemic, single-use plastics, face masks, gloves, microplastics, bioaccumulation, wildlife entanglement, Antarctica, plastic waste reduction
- MeSH terms
- Microplastics, COVID-19, Environmental Pollution, Humans, Plastics, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review