Cited by 255Sleep and related disordersSleep and Wakefulness ResearchSleep and Work-Related Fatigue

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Normal sleep in African-Americans and Caucasian-Americans: A meta-analysis

Ruiter, Megan E., DeCoster, Jamie, Jacobs, Lindsey, Lichstein, Kenneth L.·2011·Sleep Medicine

DOI 10.1016/j.sleep.2010.12.010

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Abstract

Objective This meta-analysis was designed to estimate the average magnitude of ethnic differences between African-Americans and Caucasian-Americans in normal sleep and to identify moderators of these differences.Methods Included studies had to have (1) sufficient information to estimate the difference between African-Americans and Caucasian-Americans on measures of subjective or objective sleep, (2) adult samples, and (3) samples of normal sleepers. Fourteen studies representing 1010 African-Americans and 3156 Caucasian-Americans aged 18years and older met these criteria.Results Significant ethnic differences were found, with mean effect sizes ranging from -.23 to .57. African-Americans had poorer sleep continuity and duration, less slow wave sleep, and a greater proportion of stage 2 sleep. Differences in sleep continuity and duration variables were moderated by several biopsychosocial factors, whereas sleep architecture differences were not influenced by any examined moderating factor.Conclusions African-Americans slept worse objectively and subjectively than Caucasian-Americans. Sleep continuity and duration were moderated by biopsychosocial factors whereas sleep architecture was not. Implications and future research are discussed.

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Authors: Ruiter, M. E., DeCoster, J., Jacobs, L., & Lichstein, K. L.
Affiliations: University of Alabama (US)
Corresponding author: Ruiter, Megan E.
ORCID: DeCoster, Jamie
Venue: Sleep Medicine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2011-03
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Pages: 209-214
ISSN: 1389-9457 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2010.12.010
OpenAlex: W2094589448
Cited by: 255
References: 40
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 12.77
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Sleep Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Keywords: African Americans, White Americans, sleep continuity, sleep duration, slow-wave sleep, stage 2 sleep, sleep architecture, biopsychosocial factors, normal sleep
MeSH terms: Black or African American, Humans, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders, United States, White People

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Normal sleep in African-Americans and Caucasian-Americans: A meta-analysis

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