Cited by 432Sleep and related disordersSleep and Work-Related FatigueSleep and Wakefulness Research

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Who are the long sleepers? Towards an understanding of the mortality relationship

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Grandner, Michael A., Drummond, Sean P.A.·2007·Sleep Medicine Reviews

DOI 10.1016/j.smrv.2007.03.010PMC PMC3755488

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Abstract

While much is known about the negative health implications of insufficient sleep, relatively little is known about risks associated with excessive sleep. However, epidemiological studies have repeatedly found a mortality risk associated with reported habitual long sleep. This paper will summarize and describe the numerous studies demonstrating increased mortality risk associated with long sleep. Although these studies establish a mortality link, they do not sufficiently explain why such a relationship might occur. Possible mechanisms for this relationship will be proposed and described, including (1) sleep fragmentation, (2) fatigue, (3) immune function, (4) photoperiodic abnormalities, (5) lack of challenge, (6) depression, or (7) underlying disease process such as (a) sleep apnea, (b) heart disease, or (c) failing health. Following this, we will take a step back and carefully consider all of the historical and current literature regarding long sleep, to determine whether the scientific evidence supports these proposed mechanisms and ascertain what future research directions may clarify or test these hypotheses regarding the relationship between long sleep and mortality.

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Authors: Grandner, M. A., & Drummond, S. P. A.
Affiliations: San Diego State University (US)
University of California San Diego (US)
Corresponding author: Grandner, Michael A.
ORCID: Grandner, Michael A.
Drummond, Sean P.A.
Venue: Sleep Medicine Reviews
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2007-10
Volume: 11
Issue: 5
Pages: 341-360
ISSN: 1087-0792 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2007.03.010
PMC: PMC3755488
OpenAlex: W1987857642
Cited by: 432
References: 106
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 1.16
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Sleep Medicine Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32HL007713)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Keywords: long sleep, excessive sleep, mortality risk, sleep duration, sleep fragmentation, fatigue, immune function, depression, sleep apnea, heart disease
MeSH terms: Depression, Fatigue, Female, Health Status, Heart Diseases, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Sleep, Sleep Apnea Syndromes, Sleep Wake Disorders, Sleep Stages, Comorbidity

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Who are the long sleepers? Towards an understanding of the mortality relationship

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