Cited by 192Sleep and related disordersAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesObstructive Sleep Apnea Research

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The evidence base of sleep restriction therapy for treating insomnia disorder

Miller, Christopher B., Espie, Colin A., Epstein, Dana R., Friedman, Leah, Morin, Charles M., Pigeon, Wilfred R., Spielman, Arthur J., Kyle, Simon D.·2014·Sleep Medicine Reviews

DOI 10.1016/j.smrv.2014.01.006

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Abstract

Sleep restriction therapy is routinely used within cognitive behavioral therapy to treat chronic insomnia. However, the efficacy for sleep restriction therapy as a standalone intervention has yet to be comprehensively reviewed. This review evaluates the evidence for the use of sleep restriction therapy in the treatment of chronic insomnia. The literature was searched using web-based databases, finding 1344 studies. Twenty-one were accessed in full (1323 were deemed irrelevant to this review). Nine were considered relevant and evaluated in relation to study design using a standardized study checklist and levels of evidence. Four trials met adequate methodological strength to examine the efficacy of therapy for chronic insomnia. Weighted effect sizes for self-reported sleep diary measures of sleep onset latency, wake time after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency were moderate-to-large after therapy. Total sleep time indicated a small improvement. Standalone sleep restriction therapy is efficacious for the treatment of chronic insomnia for sleep diary continuity variables. Studies are insufficient to evaluate the full impact on objective sleep variables. Measures of daytime functioning in response to therapy are lacking. Variability in the sleep restriction therapy implementation methods precludes any strong conclusions regarding the true impact of therapy. A future research agenda is outlined.

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Authors: Miller, C. B., Espie, C. A., Epstein, D. R., Friedman, L., Morin, C. M., Pigeon, W. R., Spielman, A. J., & Kyle, S. D.
Affiliations: The University of Sydney (AU)
University of Oxford (GB)
Phoenix VA Health Care System (US)
VA Palo Alto Health Care System (US)
Université Laval (CA)
United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
City College of New York (US)
University of Manchester (GB)
Corresponding author: Miller, Christopher B.
ORCID: Miller, Christopher B.
Espie, Colin A.
Epstein, Dana R.
Morin, Charles M.
Pigeon, Wilfred R.
Kyle, Simon D.
Venue: Sleep Medicine Reviews
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-10
Volume: 18
Issue: 5
Pages: 415-424
ISSN: 1087-0792 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2014.01.006
OpenAlex: W2165118243
Cited by: 192
References: 80
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 3
FWCI: 1.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Sleep Medicine Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC, Australia) Centre for Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep (CIRUS) (571421)
Sackler Institute of Psychobiological Research (University of Glasgow Sleep Centre, Scotland, UK)
Chief Scientist Office (Scotland, UK) (CZG/2/503)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Keywords: sleep restriction therapy, chronic insomnia, insomnia, sleep diary, sleep latency, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency, total sleep time, treatment efficacy, cognitive behavioral therapy
MeSH terms: Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Sleep Deprivation, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome

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The evidence base of sleep restriction therapy for treating insomnia disorder

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