The DOI matches its Crossref record; 80 of the 80 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The evidence base of sleep restriction therapy for treating insomnia disorder
Abstract
Sleep restriction therapy is routinely used within cognitive behavioral therapy to treat chronic insomnia. However, the efficacy for sleep restriction therapy as a standalone intervention has yet to be comprehensively reviewed. This review evaluates the evidence for the use of sleep restriction therapy in the treatment of chronic insomnia. The literature was searched using web-based databases, finding 1344 studies. Twenty-one were accessed in full (1323 were deemed irrelevant to this review). Nine were considered relevant and evaluated in relation to study design using a standardized study checklist and levels of evidence. Four trials met adequate methodological strength to examine the efficacy of therapy for chronic insomnia. Weighted effect sizes for self-reported sleep diary measures of sleep onset latency, wake time after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency were moderate-to-large after therapy. Total sleep time indicated a small improvement. Standalone sleep restriction therapy is efficacious for the treatment of chronic insomnia for sleep diary continuity variables. Studies are insufficient to evaluate the full impact on objective sleep variables. Measures of daytime functioning in response to therapy are lacking. Variability in the sleep restriction therapy implementation methods precludes any strong conclusions regarding the true impact of therapy. A future research agenda is outlined.
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“sleep restriction has been identified as an effective stand-alone treatment for insomnia [24]”
From Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in patients with mental disorders and comorbid insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“Bedtime restriction addresses the homeostatic process and represents the single most effective treatment component of CBT-I [23].”
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“Moreover, treatments may be selected to target broad dimensions (e.g., transdiagnostic interventions like the Unified Protocol for internalizing; Barlow et al. 2017) or narrow symptoms (e.g., sleep restriction therapy for insomnia; Miller et al. 2014).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Miller, C. B., Espie, C. A., Epstein, D. R., Friedman, L., Morin, C. M., Pigeon, W. R., Spielman, A. J., & Kyle, S. D.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Phoenix VA Health Care System (US)
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System (US)
- Université Laval (CA)
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
- City College of New York (US)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Miller, Christopher B.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Sleep Medicine Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-10
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 415-424
- ISSN
- 1087-0792 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2165118243
- Cited by
- 192
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 1.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Sleep Medicine Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC, Australia) Centre for Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep (CIRUS) (571421)
- Sackler Institute of Psychobiological Research (University of Glasgow Sleep Centre, Scotland, UK)
- Chief Scientist Office (Scotland, UK) (CZG/2/503)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Keywords
- sleep restriction therapy, chronic insomnia, insomnia, sleep diary, sleep latency, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency, total sleep time, treatment efficacy, cognitive behavioral therapy
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Sleep Deprivation, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome
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