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Poverty and common mental disorders in low and middle income countries: A systematic review
Open accessAbstract
In spite of high levels of poverty in low and middle income countries (LMIC), and the high burden posed by common mental disorders (CMD), it is only in the last two decades that research has emerged that empirically addresses the relationship between poverty and CMD in these countries. We conducted a systematic review of the epidemiological literature in LMIC, with the aim of examining this relationship. Of 115 studies that were reviewed, most reported positive associations between a range of poverty indicators and CMD. In community-based studies, 73% and 79% of studies reported positive associations between a variety of poverty measures and CMD, 19% and 15% reported null associations and 8% and 6% reported negative associations, using bivariate and multivariate analyses respectively. However, closer examination of specific poverty dimensions revealed a complex picture, in which there was substantial variation between these dimensions. While variables such as education, food insecurity, housing, social class, socio-economic status and financial stress exhibit a relatively consistent and strong association with CMD, others such as income, employment and particularly consumption are more equivocal. There are several measurement and population factors that may explain variation in the strength of the relationship between poverty and CMD. By presenting a systematic review of the literature, this paper attempts to shift the debate from questions about whether poverty is associated with CMD in LMIC, to questions about which particular dimensions of poverty carry the strongest (or weakest) association. The relatively consistent association between CMD and a variety of poverty dimensions in LMIC serves to strengthen the case for the inclusion of mental health on the agenda of development agencies and in international targets such as the millenium development goals.
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“Thus, LMICs suffer from the dual challenges of reduced service coverage as well as limited financial protection for mental, neurological, and substance use (MNS) disorders; in addition to pronounced adverse economic consequences for households [5].”
From Sustainable financing mechanisms for strengthening mental health systems in Nigeria (2019) · cites this paper as [5]
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Self-citationChild and adolescent mental health worldwide: evidence for action
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lund, C., Breen, A., Flisher, A. J., Kakuma, R., Corrigall, J., Joska, J. A., Swartz, L., & Patel, V.
- Affiliations
- University of Cape Town (ZA)
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CA)
- Stellenbosch University (ZA)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Lund, Crick
- Venue
- Social Science & Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-08
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 517-528
- ISSN
- 0277-9536 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4991761
- OpenAlex
- W2068380169
- Cited by
- 1,375
- References
- 114
- Citations by year
- 2026: 93 · 2025: 138 · 2024: 108 · 2023: 89 · 2022: 119 · 2021: 122 · 2020: 174 · 2019: 95 · 2018: 86 · 2017: 72 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 63 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 4.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Social Science & Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- UK Department for International Development (DfID)
- Western Cape Department of Health
- International Development Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Employment and Welfare Studies
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Keywords
- poverty, common mental disorders, low- and middle-income countries, poverty dimensions, food insecurity, housing, social class, socioeconomic status, financial stress, Millennium Development Goals
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Developing Countries, Humans, Poverty, Multivariate Analysis, Health Status Disparities
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