The impact of institution use on the wellbeing of Alzheimer’s disease patients and their caregivers
Abstract
In France, temporary institutionalization solutions for dependent elders have been encouraged since the early 2000s. They are targeting patients who are maintained at home, but may need temporary solutions to adjust the constraints of caregivers, e.g. to facilitate transitions between several informal care providers or to allow informal caregivers to leave for holidays. However, the influence of these solutions on dependent elders and their caregivers has not been explored yet. We use French longitudinal data (REAL.FR, 686 elders and their primary caregivers followed between 2000 and 2006) to explore the impact of institution placement on the wellbeing of both Alzheimer's disease patients and their primary informal caregivers. The data distinguishes permanent placements in institution from temporary stays. Using fixed-effect models, we quantify the change in patients' quality of life and caregivers' burden of care following the placement of patients. We find that permanent and temporary stays are associated with a decrease in informal caregivers' burden. However, only permanent stays lead to an improvement of patients' quality of life. Hence, taken together, the results suggest that while long-run placements may maximize the wellbeing of all the members of a household (patient and caregiver), this is not necessarily the case of short-term placements.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Caregivers often described the facility selection process as overwhelming, shaped by financial constraints, limited availability, and urgency to accept the first available option.
“Caregivers often described the process as overwhelming, shaped by financial constraints, limited availability, and urgency to accept the first available option (Brooks et al., 2022b; Rapp et al., 2018; Rognstad et al., 2020).”
From Mind the gap: a systematic review of barriers, facilitators, and experiences of care transitions for people living with dementia and their informal caregivers. (2026) · cites this paper as Rapp et al., 2018
Cites
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · Cited by 88,282 · see citing works
Kok, J. S., Berg, I. J., & Scherder, E. J. A. (2013) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra · doi:10.1159/000353441 · Cited by 20,589 · see citing works
Becker, G. S. (1991) · doi:10.4159/9780674020665 · Cited by 10,565 · see citing works
The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: Comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia
Cummings, J. L., Mega, M., Gray, K., Rosenberg-Thompson, S., Carusi, D. A., & Gornbein, J. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.12.2308 · Cited by 7,568 · see citing works
Relatives of the Impaired Elderly: Correlates of Feelings of Burden
Zarit, S. H., Reever, K. E., & Bach-Peterson, J. (1980) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/20.6.649 · Cited by 5,810 · see citing works
Unobservable Selection and Coefficient Stability: Theory and Evidence
Oster, E. (2019) · Journal of Business & Economic Statistics · doi:10.1080/07350015.2016.1227711 · Cited by 5,367 · see citing works
Becker, G. S. (1973) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/260084 · Cited by 3,573 · see citing works
Collective Labor Supply and Welfare
Chiappori, P. (1992) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/261825 · Cited by 1,832 · see citing works
Rational Household Labor Supply
Chiappori, P. (1988) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1911842 · Cited by 1,647 · see citing works
Becker, G. S. (1974) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/260287 · Cited by 905 · see citing works
The dynamics of health in the British Household Panel Survey
Contoyannis, P., Jones, A. M., & Rice, N. (2004) · Journal of Applied Econometrics · doi:10.1002/jae.755 · Cited by 640 · see citing works
The opportunity costs of informal care: does gender matter?
Carmichael, F., & Charles, S. (2003) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/s0167-6296(03)00044-4 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Banerjee, S. (2006) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2005.072983 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Pezzin, L. E., & Schone, B. S. (1999) · The Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.2307/146377 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Household responses to public home care programs
Stabile, M., Laporte, A., & Coyte, P. C. (2006) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2005.03.009 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Ballard, C. G., O'Brien, J. T., James, I. A., Mynt, P., Lana, M. M., Potkins, D., Reichelt, K., Lee, L., Swann, A., & Fossey, J. (2001) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610201007499 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Shared Caregiving Responsibilities of Adult Siblings with Elderly Parents
Checkovich, T. J., & Stern, S. N. (2002) · The Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.2307/3069678 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Pezzin, L. E., & Schone, B. S. (1999) · Demography · doi:10.2307/2648053 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Jing, W., Willis, R. F., & Feng, Z. (2016) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2016.04.009 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
LONG‐TERM CARE AND FAMILY BARGAINING*
Engers, M. P., & Stern, S. N. (2002) · International Economic Review · doi:10.1111/1468-2354.t01-1-00004 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
FORMAL HOME HEALTH CARE, INFORMAL CARE, AND FAMILY DECISION MAKING*
Byrne, D., Goeree, M. S., Hiedemann, B. G., & Stern, S. N. (2009) · International Economic Review · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2354.2009.00566.x · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Do Noninstitutional Long-Term Care Services Reduce Medicaid Spending?
Kaye, H. S., LaPlante, M. P., & Harrington, C. A. (2009) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.28.1.262 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Gaugler, J. E., Mittelman, M. S., Hepburn, K., & Newcomer, R. (2010) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-8-85 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Public Subsidies, Private Provision of Care and Living Arrangements of the Elderly
Hoerger, T. J., Picone, G. A., & Sloan, F. A. (1996) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.2307/2109790 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Predictors of change in caregiver burden and depressive symptoms following nursing home admission.
Gaugler, J. E., Mittelman, M. S., Hepburn, K. W., & Newcomer, R. J. (2009) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0016052 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Gustavsson, A., Jönsson, L., Rapp, T., Reynish, E. L., Ousset, P., Andrieu, S., Cantet, C., Winblad, B. G., Vellas, B. J., & Wimo, A. B. (2010) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-010-0311-7 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Paraponaris, A., Davin, B., & Verger, P. (2011) · The European Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1007/s10198-011-0305-3 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Caregiver burden characterization in patients with Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia
D’Onofrio, G., Sancarlo, D., Addante, F., Ciccone, F., Cascavilla, L., Paris, F., Picoco, M., Nuzzaci, C., Elia, A. C., Greco, A., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.4232 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Financing Long‐Term Care: Ex Ante, Ex Post or Both?
Costa‐Font, J., Courbage, C., & Swartz, K. (2015) · Health Economics · doi:10.1002/hec.3152 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Informal Care and the Division of End-of-Life Transfers
Brown, M. (2006) · The Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.3368/jhr.xli.1.191 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Carpentier, N., Bernard, P., Grenier, A. M., & Guberman, N. (2010) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.12.038 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Exploring the Relationship between Alzheimer's Disease Severity and Longitudinal Costs
Rapp, T., Andrieu, S., Molinier, L., Grand, A., Cantet, C., Mullins, C. D., & Vellas, B. J. (2012) · Value in Health · doi:10.1016/j.jval.2012.02.003 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Long-Term Care: Economic Issues and Policy Solutions
Eisen, R. (1996) · Developments in health economics and public policy · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4096-0 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Long‐Term Care Financing: Lessons From France
Doty, P., Nadash, P., & RACCO, N. (2015) · Milbank Quarterly · doi:10.1111/1468-0009.12125 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Rapp, T., Grand, A., Cantet, C., Andrieu, S., Coley, N., Portet, F., & Vellas, B. J. (2011) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.02.039 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Financing long-term care for frail elderly in France: The ghost reform
Chevreul, K., & Brigham, K. B. (2013) · Health Policy · doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2013.05.013 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Panyavin, I. S., Trujillo, M. A., Peralta, S. V., Stolfi, M. E., Morelli, E., Perrin, P. B., Lasa, J. P., & Arango‐Lasprilla, J. C. (2015) · American Journal of Alzheimer s Disease & Other Dementias® · doi:10.1177/1533317515577129 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Effects of Strategic Behavior and Public Subsidies on Families’ Savings and Long-Term Care Decisions
Sloan, F. A., Hoerger, T. J., & Picone, G. A. (1996) · Developments in health economics and public policy · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4096-0_4 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Will You Still Want Me Tomorrow?
Hiedemann, B. G., Sovinsky, M., & Stern, S. N. (2017) · The Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.3368/jhr.53.3.0213-5454r1 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Recent data on the natural history of Alzheimer's disease: results from the REAL.FR Study.
Cortes, F., Guyonnet, S., Nourhashémi, F., Andrieu, S., Cantet, C., & Vellas, B. J. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Forecasting Lifetime and Aggregate Long-term Care Spending
de Meijer, C. A. M., Majer, I. M., Koopmanschap, M. A., & van Baal, P. H. M. (2012) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0b013e31824ebddc · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Coley, N., Gallini, A., Garès, V., Gardette, V., Andrieu, S., Vellas, B., Reynish, E., Ousset, P. J., Andrieu, S., Burns, A., et al. (2015) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2015.09.010 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Fontaine, R. (2012) · Économie publique/Public economics · doi:10.4000/economiepublique.8936 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Dynamic modelling of long-term care decisions
Sovinsky, M., & Stern, S. N. (2014) · Review of Economics of the Household · doi:10.1007/s11150-013-9236-3 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Rapp, T., Lacey, L. A., Ousset, P., Cowppli-Bony, P., Vellas, B. J., & Orgogozo, J. (2015) · Value in Health · doi:10.1016/j.jval.2015.03.1785 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
PHRC REAL.FR:Réseau français sur la maladie d' Alzheimer
Vellas, B. J. (2003) · La Revue de Médecine Interne · doi:10.1016/s0248-8663(03)80682-3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Effects of the Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Extract (Klamin®) on a Neurodegeneration Cellular Model
Nuzzo, D., Presti, G., Picone, P., Galizzi, G., Gulotta, E., Giuliano, S., Mannino, C., Gambino, V., Scoglio, S., & Carlo, M. D. (2018) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2018/9089016 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Lee, K., Chung, J., Meyer, K., & Dionne-Odom, J. N. (2021) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.12.005 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
A Literature Review on the Burden of Alzheimer’s Disease on Care Partners
Frederiksen, K. S., Lanctôt, K. L., Weidner, W. S., Hahn‐Pedersen, J. H., & Mattke, S. (2023) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-230487 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Well‐being right before and after a permanent nursing home admission
Bom, J. A. M., Bakx, P., & Rellstab, S. (2022) · Health Economics · doi:10.1002/hec.4595 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Tay, L. X., Ong, S. C., Ong, H. M., Teh, E. E., Ch’ng, A. S. H., Tiong, I. K., Razali, R. M., & Parumasivam, T. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-95210-8 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Greene, L., Brain, J., Watkins, P., Kafadar, A. H., Sabatini, S., Blundell, B., Bothe, E., Harper, K., Hersh, D., Morrisby, C., et al. (2026) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnaf275 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The psychological effects of caring for a family member with dementia
Reid, B. B., & O’Brien, L. (2021) · Nursing Older People · doi:10.7748/nop.2021.e1295 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Santos, M. C. L. D., Sánchez, M. V. N., Moler, J. A., Lautre, I. G., Bravo, S. A., & Portillo, M. C. (2020) · Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1155/2020/2086834 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Rapp, T., Jena, A. B., Costa‐Font, J., & Grabowski, D. C. (2023) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116199 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Apouey, B. (2019) · Revue française d économie · doi:10.3917/rfe.182.0015 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Cho, S.-H., & Choi, H.-S. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11091245 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Average length of stay in hospitals
OECD (2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/0d8bb30a-en · Cited by 4 · see citing works
OECD (2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/b33ab4c1-en · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Home vs. nursing care: Unpacking the impact on health and well-being
Bassoli, E., Lefèbvre, M., & Schoenmaeckers, J. (2025) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118533 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Sénik, C., Zappalà, G., Milcent, C., Gervès‐Pinquié, C., & Dargent‐Molina, P. (2021) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-021-09952-4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Safe prescribing in older populations
OECD (2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/c69da240-en · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Research and development in the pharmaceutical sector
OECD (2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/fc8b43f4-en · Cited by 3 · see citing works
OECD (2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/5101558b-en · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Waiting times for elective surgery
OECD (2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/e61cc657-en · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Hospital beds and discharge rates
OECD (2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/0d67e02a-en · Cited by 3 · see citing works
International migration of doctors and nurses
OECD (2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/4262706c-en · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Effets du temps partiel sur la conciliation des temps sociaux des aidants
Cheneau, A. (2019) · Économie & prévision · doi:10.3917/ecop.216.0065 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Geographic distribution of doctors
OECD (2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/5f710d24-en · Cited by 2 · see citing works
OECD (2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/5b274e35-en · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bazanova, O. M., & Kovaleva, A. V. (2022) · Human Physiology · doi:10.1134/s0362119722030021 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Doctors (by age, sex and category)
OECD (2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/87e18004-en · Cited by 1 · see citing works
OECD (2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/2700bb99-en
Morbidité des maladies chroniques
OECD (2019) · Panorama de la santé · doi:10.1787/5c402caa-fr
OECD (2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/cb179206-en
Sécurité des soins intensifs – les complications chirurgicales et les infections nosocomiales
OECD (2019) · Panorama de la santé · doi:10.1787/81b29954-fr
Faible poids des nourrissons à la naissance, 2017 et variation 2000‑17 (ou année la plus proche)
(2019) · Panorama de la santé · doi:10.1787/f58b7504-fr
Comparative price levels for health, 2017, US=100
(2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/f575184f-en
Incidence du cancer, tous types confondus, par sexe, 2018 (estimation)
(2019) · Panorama de la santé · doi:10.1787/effe6bda-fr
Pourcentage des médecins formés à l’étranger, 2017 (ou année la plus proche)
(2019) · Panorama de la santé · doi:10.1787/efa41013-fr
Recherche et développement dans le secteur pharmaceutique
OECD (2019) · Panorama de la santé · doi:10.1787/fc1760c7-fr
Main causes of avoidable mortality, OECD countries, 2017 (or nearest year)
(2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/ed58d5e6-en
Population forgoing or postponing care because of limited availability, by income, 2014
(2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/fd31d56f-en
Surpoids et obésité chez les enfants
OECD (2019) · Panorama de la santé · doi:10.1787/e941b269-fr
Anti-hypertensive drug consumption, 2000 and 2017 (or nearest year)
(2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/f5bbb859-en
Alcohol consumption among adults
OECD (2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/961753cf-en
(2019) · Panorama de la santé · doi:10.1787/f5f4f63d-fr
Evolution in the number of doctors, selected countries, 2000-17 (or nearest year)
(2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/ffe2bce9-en
OECD (2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/132957e7-en
Projections des dépenses de santé
OECD (2019) · Panorama de la santé · doi:10.1787/61d53ced-fr
Overweight and obesity among adults
OECD (2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/055833f6-en
OECD (2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/f3859677-en
Espérance de vie et espérance de vie en bonne santé à 65 ans
OECD (2019) · Panorama de la santé · doi:10.1787/2a2ed072-fr
OECD (2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/54707909-en
Health expenditure by type of service
OECD (2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/98c966b2-en
People aged 50-74 years who have had faecal occult blood test at least once in their life, 2014
(2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/efdbc87f-en
Safe acute care – surgical complications and health care-associated infections
OECD (2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/e5b653c4-en
OECD (2019) · Panorama de la santé · doi:10.1787/0d9a56b4-fr
Arthroplastie de la hanche, temps d’attente moyen et médian et évolution dans certains pays, 2017
(2019) · Panorama de la santé · doi:10.1787/fd262782-fr
Long-term beds in facilities and hospitals
OECD (2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/72c6727e-en
OECD (2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/652ef96a-en
OECD (2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/fb244cbb-en
Trends in suicide, selected OECD countries, 1990-2017 (or nearest year)
(2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/ffec0bae-en
Survival for other major cancers
OECD (2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/45a60d88-en
Population coverage for health care
OECD (2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/524da6c0-en
Grand manuel de psychologie positive
Lepinteur, A., & Sénik, C. (2021) · Dunod eBooks · doi:10.3917/dunod.marti.2021.02.0571
Amygdalectomies effectuées en chirurgie ambulatoire, 2007 et 2017 (ou année la plus proche)
(2019) · Panorama de la santé · doi:10.1787/33eff9fc-fr
Adults rating their own health as good or very good, by income quintile, 2017 (or nearest year)
(2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/d4356ffa-en
Number of doctor consultations per person, 2000 and 2017 (or nearest year)
(2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/e759c06c-en
Evolution in the share of foreign-trained doctors, selected OECD countries, 2000‑17
(2019) · Health at a glance · doi:10.1787/00a97d38-en
Évolution des dépenses en capital (à prix constants), dans une sélection de pays, 2007‑17
(2019) · Panorama de la santé · doi:10.1787/19a831ad-fr
Évolution des chirurgies de remplacement du genou dans une sélection de pays de l’OCDE, 2007‑17
(2019) · Panorama de la santé · doi:10.1787/a899a030-fr
Médecins en exercice pour 1 000 habitants, 2000 et 2017 (ou année la plus proche)
(2019) · Panorama de la santé · doi:10.1787/af59d15b-fr
Évolution de la part de la population âgée de plus de 80 ans, 1990‑2050
(2019) · Panorama de la santé · doi:10.1787/9f9ac76a-fr
Mortalité par suicide, 2017 (ou année la plus proche)
(2019) · Panorama de la santé · doi:10.1787/6d6c9a5b-fr
Sources de financement de l’assurance maladie obligatoire, 2017 (ou année la plus proche)
(2019) · Panorama de la santé · doi:10.1787/59f2930a-fr
Population adulte déclarant fumer quotidiennement, 2007 et 2017 (ou année la plus proche)
(2019) · Panorama de la santé · doi:10.1787/275878c0-fr
Décès liés aux opioïdes, 2011 et 2016 (ou année la plus proche)
(2019) · Panorama de la santé · doi:10.1787/aec7d6ce-fr
Home vs. Nursing Care: Unpacking the Impact on Health and Well-BeingPreprint
Bassoli, E., Lefèbvre, M., & Schoenmaeckers, J. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5124297
- Authors
- Rapp, T., Apouey, B. H., & Senik, C.
- Affiliations
- Sorbonne Paris Cité (FR)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Rapp, Thomas
- Venue
- Social Science & Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-06
- Volume
- 207
- Pages
- 1-10
- ISSN
- 0277-9536 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2797615737
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 65 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 27.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Social Science & Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- French Ministry of Health (PHRC 98-47 N, PHRC 18-05)
- Toulouse University Hospital
- AMPA
- INSERM-University of Toulouse III
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Aging, Elder Care, and Social Issues
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, institutionalization, informal caregivers, caregiver burden, quality of life, dependent elderly, caregiver well-being
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Female, France, Health Facilities, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Quality of Life, Caregivers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
