Cited by 233Soil Carbon and Nitrogen DynamicsSoil and Water Nutrient DynamicsWastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal

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Biochar suppresses N2O emissions while maintaining N availability in a sandy loam soil

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Case, Sean D.C., McNamara, Niall P., Reay, David S., Stott, Andy W., Grant, Helen K., Whitaker, Jeanette·2015·Soil Biology and Biochemistry

DOI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.012

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Abstract

Nitrous oxide (N2O) from agricultural soil is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions. Biochar amendment can contribute to climate change mitigation by suppressing emissions of N2O from soil, although the mechanisms underlying this effect are poorly understood. We investigated the effect of biochar on soil N2O emissions and N cycling processes by quantifying soil N immobilisation, denitrification, nitrification and mineralisation rates using 15N pool dilution techniques and the FLUAZ numerical calculation model. We then examined whether biochar amendment affected N2O emissions and the availability and transformations of N in soils.Our results show that biochar suppressed cumulative soil N2O production by 91% in near-saturated, fertilised soils. Cumulative denitrification was reduced by 37%, which accounted for 85–95 % of soil N2O emissions. We also found that physical/chemical and biological ammonium (NH4+) immobilisation increased with biochar amendment but that nitrate (NO3−) immobilisation decreased. We concluded that this immobilisation was insignificant compared to total soil inorganic N content. In contrast, soil N mineralisation significantly increased by 269% and nitrification by 34% in biochar-amended soil.These findings demonstrate that biochar amendment did not limit inorganic N availability to nitrifiers and denitrifiers, therefore limitations in soil NH4+ and NO3− supply cannot explain the suppression of N2O emissions. These results support the concept that biochar application to soil could significantly mitigate agricultural N2O emissions through altering N transformations, and underpin efforts to develop climate-friendly agricultural management techniques.

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Nitrous oxide emission from pigeon pea – maize rotation in response to conservation agriculture and biochar amendments in a Ferralsol, northern UgandaPreprint
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Emissions of N2O from Agricultural Soils and Mitigation Options: A review with special reference to
Tesfai, M., & Bechmann, M. E. (2016)

Authors: Case, S. D. C., McNamara, N. P., Reay, D. S., Stott, A. W., Grant, H. K., & Whitaker, J.
Affiliations: UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (GB)
University of Edinburgh (GB)
Corresponding author: Whitaker, Jeanette
ORCID: Case, Sean D.C.
McNamara, Niall P.
Reay, David S.
Grant, Helen K.
Whitaker, Jeanette
Venue: Soil Biology and Biochemistry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2015-02
Volume: 81
Pages: 178-185
ISSN: 0038-0717 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.012
OpenAlex: W1964046491
Cited by: 229
References: 59
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 5
FWCI: 15.57
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: cc-by
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Soil Biology and Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
NERC Open Research Archive (Natural Environment Research Council) (acceptedVersion)
Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: Natural Environment Research Council (NEC03487)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal
Keywords: biochar, nitrous oxide emissions, soil nitrogen cycling, denitrification, nitrification, nitrogen mineralization, soil nitrogen availability, sandy loam soil, greenhouse gas emissions reduction, 15N pool dilution

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Biochar suppresses N2O emissions while maintaining N availability in a sandy loam soil

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