Screening method for phthalate esters in water using liquid-phase microextraction based on the solidification of a floating organic microdrop combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Abstract
A simple and efficient liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) technique was developed using directly suspended organic microdrop coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), for the extraction and the determination of phthalate esters (dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, diallyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), dicyclohexyl phthalate and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)) in water samples. Microextraction efficiency factors, such as nature and volume of the organic solvent, temperature, salt effect, stirring rate and the extraction time were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized extraction conditions (extraction solvent: 1-dodecanol; extraction temperature: 60 degrees C; microdrop volume: 7 microL; stirring rate: 750 rpm, without salt addition and extraction time: 25 min), figures of merit of the proposed method were evaluated. The values of the detection limit were in the range of 0.02-0.05 microg L(-1), while the R.S.D.% value for the analysis of 5.0 microg L(-1) of the analytes was below 7.7% (n=4). A good linearity (r(2)>/=0.9940) and a broad linear range (0.05-100 microg L(-1)) were obtained. The method exhibited enrichment factor values ranging from 307 to 412. Finally, the designed method was successfully applied for the preconcentration and determination of the studied phthalate esters in different real water samples and satisfactory results were attained.
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Farahani et al. [20] applied LPME-SFO-GC-MS to analyze seven phthalate esters in water samples (tap waters, mineral water and river waters).
“Farahani et al [20] applied LPME-SFO-GC-MS to analyze seven phthalate esters in water samples (tap waters, mineral water and river waters).”
From Developments in Liquid-phase Microextraction Method Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Drop (2010) · cites this paper as [20]
For the analysis of seven phthalate esters in water samples by LPME-SFO-GC-MS, recoveries fell in the range from 84%-115%.
“recoveries fell in the range from 84%-115%.”
From Developments in Liquid-phase Microextraction Method Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Drop (2010) · cites this paper as [20]
For the analysis of seven phthalate esters in water samples by LPME-SFO-GC-MS, a good linearity (r > 0.995) was obtained in the range of 0.25-300.00 μg L-1.
“A good linearity ( r > 0.995) in the range of 0.25-300.00 μ g L -1 was obtained”
From Developments in Liquid-phase Microextraction Method Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Drop (2010) · cites this paper as [20]
Cites
Solvent Microextraction into a Single Drop
Jeannot, M. A., & Cantwell, F. F. (1996) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac960042z · Cited by 1,282 · see citing works
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Green aspects, developments and perspectives of liquid phase microextraction techniques
Spietelun, A., Marcinkowski, Ł., de la Guardia, M., & Namieśnik, J. (2014) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2013.10.050 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Developments in Liquid-phase Microextraction Method Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Drop
WANG, Y.-Y., ZHAO, G.-Y., CHANG, Q.-Y., ZANG, X.-H., WANG, C., & WANG, Z. (2010) · Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s1872-2040(09)60073-6 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Mogaddam, M. R. A., Farajzadeh, M. A., Nemati, M., Mohebbi, A., & Khodadadeian, F. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1080/03067319.2020.1784886 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- FARAHANI, H., GANJALI, M., DINARVAND, R., & NOROUZI, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Tehran (IR)
- Corresponding author
- NOROUZI, P
- Venue
- Talanta
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-08-15
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 718-723
- ISSN
- 0039-9140 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2006562440
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 9.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Talanta (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical chemistry methods development
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
- Keywords
- phthalates, liquid-phase microextraction, water analysis, preconcentration, dibutyl phthalate, DEHP, butyl benzyl phthalate, extraction optimization, 1-dodecanol
- MeSH terms
- Chemistry Techniques, Analytical, Esters, Ions, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Phthalic Acids, Solvents, Temperature, Time Factors, Water
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