The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Learning multiple layers of representation
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Learning representations by back-propagating errors
Rumelhart, D. E., Hinton, G. E., & Williams, R. J. (1986) · Nature · doi:10.1038/323533a0 · Cited by 31,892
Self-citationA fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets
Hinton, G. E., Osindero, S., & Teh, Y.-W. (2006) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.2006.18.7.1527 · Cited by 16,336
Self-citationAn Information-Maximization Approach to Blind Separation and Blind Deconvolution
Bell, A. J., & Sejnowski, T. J. (1995) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.1995.7.6.1129 · Cited by 8,986
Distributed hierarchical processing in the primate cerebral cortex
Felleman, D. J., & Van Essen, D. C. (1991) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/1.1.1 · Cited by 7,783
Emergence of simple-cell receptive field properties by learning a sparse code for natural images
Olshausen, B. A., & Field, D. J. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/381607a0 · Cited by 5,694
Training Products of Experts by Minimizing Contrastive Divergence
Hinton, G. E. (2002) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/089976602760128018 · Cited by 4,879
Self-citationGreedy layer-wise training of deep networks
Bengio, Y., Lamblin, P., Popovici, D., & Larochelle, H. (2007) · Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 19 · doi:10.7551/mitpress/7503.003.0024 · Cited by 4,841
An Introduction to Variational Methods for Graphical Models
Jordan, M. I., Ghahramani, Z., Jaakkola, T. S., & Saul, L. K. (1999) · Machine Learning · doi:10.1023/a:1007665907178 · Cited by 3,791
A View of the Em Algorithm that Justifies Incremental, Sparse, and other Variants
Neal, R. M., & Hinton, G. E. (1998) · Learning in Graphical Models · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-5014-9_12 · Cited by 2,187
Self-citationRestricted Boltzmann machines for collaborative filtering
Salakhutdinov, R., Mnih, A., & Hinton, G. (2007) · Proceedings of the 24th international conference on Machine learning · doi:10.1145/1273496.1273596 · Cited by 1,885
Self-citationOn the computational architecture of the neocortex: II The role of cortico-cortical loops
Mumford, D. (1992) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/bf00198477 · Cited by 1,074
On the computational architecture of the neocortex: I. The role of the thalamo-cortical loop
Mumford, D. (1991) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/bf00202389 · Cited by 929
Cited by
A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets
Hinton, G. E., Osindero, S., & Teh, Y.-W. (2006) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.2006.18.7.1527 · Cited by 16,336
Self-citationPlaying Atari with Deep Reinforcement Learning
Mnih, V., Kavukcuoglu, K., Silver, D., Graves, A., Antonoglou, I., Wierstra, D., & Riedmiller, M. (2013) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1312.5602 · Cited by 9,471
Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science
Clark, A. (2013) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x12000477 · Cited by 5,924
Deep neural networks are easily fooled: High confidence predictions for unrecognizable images
Nguyen, A., Yosinski, J., & Clune, J. (2015) · 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298640 · Cited by 3,258
Learning and Transferring Mid-level Image Representations Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Oquab, M., Bottou, L., Laptev, I., & Sivic, J. (2014) · 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2014.222 · Cited by 3,150
Metadata
- Authors
- Hinton, G. E.
- Venue
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-10
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 428-434
- ISSN
- 1364-6613 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2124537004
- Cited by
- 1,011
- References
- 12
- FWCI
- 4.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
