The Upside of Outrage
Open accessAbstract
A debate has emerged across disciplines about why people engage in costly helping. Empathy is one mechanism. We highlight a second, more controversial motivator: moral outrage. Integrating findings from moral psychology and intergroup literatures, we suggest outrage is a critical force for collective action and highlight directions for future research.
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Moral outrage can encourage an active response, such as protests for social justice.
“moral outrage can encourage an active response, such as protests for social justice (Hutcherson & Gross 2011, Jost et al. 2018, Spring et al. 2018, van Zomeren et al. 2004)”
From Social Media and Morality. (2024) · cites this paper as Spring et al. 2018
Lack of gatekeepers can facilitate organizing and collective action.
“This lack of gatekeepers can facilitate organizing and collective action (Spring et al. 2018).”
From Social Media and Morality. (2024) · cites this paper as Spring et al. 2018
Cites
Moral outrage in the digital age
Crockett, M. J. (2017) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-017-0213-3 · Cited by 618 · see citing works
Sawaoka, T., & Monin, B. (2018) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797618780658 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
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Brady, W. J., Crockett, M. J., & Van Bavel, J. J. (2020) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691620917336 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
How social learning amplifies moral outrage expression in online social networks
Brady, W. J., McLoughlin, K., Doan, T. N., & Crockett, M. J. (2021) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abe5641 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Negativity drives online news consumption
Robertson, C. E., Pröllochs, N., Schwarzenegger, K., Pärnamets, P., Van Bavel, J. J., & Feuerriegel, S. (2023) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-023-01538-4 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Strategic regulation of empathy
Weisz, E., & Cikara, M. (2021) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2020.12.002 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Self-citationVan Bavel, J. J., Robertson, C. E., del Rosario, K., Rasmussen, J., & Rathje, S. (2024) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-022123-110258 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Brady, W. J., McLoughlin, K. L., Torres, M. P., Luo, K. F., Gendron, M., & Crockett, M. J. (2023) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-023-01582-0 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
How effective is online outrage?
Brady, W. J., & Crockett, M. J. (2019) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2018.11.004 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
People think that social media platforms do (but should not) amplify divisive content
Rathje, S., Robertson, C., Brady, W. J., & Van Bavel, J. J. (2024) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/17456916231190392 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
- Authors
- Spring, V. L., Cameron, C. D., & Cikara, M.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Spring, Victoria L.
- Venue
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-12
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1067-1069
- ISSN
- 1364-6613 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2897602272
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 3.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (1660707, 1551559)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Keywords
- moral outrage, costly helping, collective action, empathy, intergroup relations, moral psychology, prosocial motivation
- MeSH terms
- Emotions, Humans, Morals, Social Behavior
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