Transposable elements in mammals promote regulatory variation and diversification of genes with specialized functions
Abstract
Nearly half of mammalian genomes are derived from ancient transposable elements (TEs). We analyzed the prevalence of TEs in untranslated regions of human and mouse mRNAs and found evidence suggesting that TEs affect the expression of many genes through the donation of transcriptional regulatory signals. Furthermore, we found that recently expanded gene classes, such as those involved in immunity or response to external stimuli, have transcripts enriched in TEs, whereas TEs are excluded from mRNAs of highly conserved genes with basic functions in development or metabolism. These results support the view that TEs have played a significant role in the diversification and evolution of mammalian genes.
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Some conserved ancestral repeats have apparently taken on critical functions that may help differentiate mammals from ancestral vertebrates.
“some have apparently taken on critical functions that may help to differentiate mammals from ancestral vertebrates (Britten 1997;Jordan et al. 2003;van de Lagemaat et al. 2003).”
From Evolutionarily conserved elements in vertebrate, insect, worm, and yeast genomes (2005) · cites this paper as van de Lagemaat et al. 2003
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- Authors
- van de Lagemaat, L. N., Landry, J.-R., Mager, D. L., & Medstrand, P.
- Affiliations
- BC Cancer Agency (CA)
- Lund University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Mager, Dixie L.
- Medstrand, Patrik
- Venue
- Trends in Genetics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-10
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 530-536
- ISSN
- 0168-9525 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2011549524
- Cited by
- 468
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 2.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genomic variations and chromosomal abnormalities
- Keywords
- transposable elements, mammalian genomes, untranslated regions, mRNA, gene expression regulation, genetic diversification, gene family expansion, immunity genes, conserved genes, genome evolution
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Aromatase, DNA Transposable Elements, Humans, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Genetic Variation, Evolution, Molecular, Mice
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