Carcinogenesis studies of cresols in rats and mice
Open accessAbstract
Cresols, monomethyl derivatives of phenol, are high production chemicals with potential for human exposure. The three isomeric forms of cresol are used individually or in mixtures as disinfectants, preservatives, and solvents or as intermediates in the production of antioxidants, fragrances, herbicides, insecticides, dyes, and explosives. Carcinogenesis studies were conducted in groups of 50 male F344/N rats and 50 female B6C3F1 mice exposed to a 60:40 mixture of m- and p-cresols (m-/p-cresol) in feed. Rats and mice were fed diets containing 0, 1500, 5000, or 15,000 ppm and 0, 1000, 3000, or 10,000 ppm, respectively. Survival of each exposed group was similar to that of their respective control group. Mean body weight gains were depressed in rats exposed to 15,000 ppm and in mice exposed to 3000 ppm and higher. A decrease of 25% over that of controls for the final mean body weight in mice exposed to 10,000 ppm appeared to be associated with lack of palatability of the feed. A marginally increased incidence of renal tubule adenoma was observed in the 15,000-ppm-exposed rats. The increased incidence was not statistically significant, but did exceed the range of historical controls. No increased incidence of hyperplasia of the renal tubules was observed; however, a significantly increased incidence of hyperplasia of the transitional epithelium associated with an increased incidence of nephropathy was observed at the high exposure concentration. The only significantly increased incidence of a neoplastic lesion related to cresol exposure observed in these studies was that of squamous cell papilloma in the forestomach of 10,000-ppm-exposed mice. A definitive association with irritation at the site-of-contact could not be made because of limited evidence of injury to the gastric mucosa at the time of necropsy. However, given the minimal chemical-related neoplastic response in these studies, it was concluded that there was no clear evidence of carcinogenicity in male rats or female mice exposed to the cresol mixture.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
THF is flammable.
“THF is flammable and is suspected of being carcinogenic [78].”
From Use of green alternative solvents in dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction: A review (2022) · cites this paper as [78]
THF is suspected of being carcinogenic.
“THF is flammable and is suspected of being carcinogenic [78].”
From Use of green alternative solvents in dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction: A review (2022) · cites this paper as [78]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations
Kaplan, E. L., & Meier, P. (1992) · Springer series in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4380-9_25 · Cited by 45,232 · see citing works
Regression Models and Life-Tables
Cox, D. R. (1972) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x · Cited by 39,793 · see citing works
Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations
Kaplan, E. L., & Meier, P. (1958) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1958.10501452 · Cited by 39,158 · see citing works
Regression Models and Life-Tables
Cox, D. R. (1992) · Springer Series in Statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4380-9_37 · Cited by 26,297 · see citing works
Carcinogenicity of Butylated Hydroxyanisole in F344 Rats 2 3 4
Ito, N., Fukushima, S., Haqlwara, A., Shibata, M., & Ogiso, T. (1983) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/70.2.343 · Cited by 544 · see citing works
Tests for Trend in Life Table Analysis
Tarone, R. E. (1975) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/62.3.679 · Cited by 413 · see citing works
Bailer, A. J., & Portier, C. J. (1988) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2531856 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Vernot, E. H., MacEwen, J. D., Haun, C. C., et al. (1977) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0041-008x(77)90019-9 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
The tumor-promoting action of phenol and related compounds for mouse skin.
Boutwell, R. K., & Bosch, D. K. (1959) · PubMed · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Bone, E., Tamm, A., & Hill, M. (1976) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/29.12.1448 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Toxicological profile for formaldehyde
Wilbur, S. B., Harris, M. O., McClure, P. R., & Spoo, W. (1999) · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Schwarzbauer, J., Littke, R., & Weigelt, V. (2000) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0146-6380(00)00076-0 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Testing for increased carcinogenicity using a survival-adjusted quantal response test
Portier, C. J. (1989) · Fundamental and Applied Toxicology · doi:10.1016/0272-0590(89)90004-3 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Statistics for Environmental Biology and Toxicology
Piegorsch, W. W., & Bailer, A. J. (2020) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780203738504 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Zhou, Q., Wintersteen, C. L., & Cadwallader, K. R. (2002) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf011436g · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Thornton, S. F., Quigley, S., Spence, M. J., Banwart, S. A., Bottrell, S. H., & Lerner, D. N. (2001) · Journal of Contaminant Hydrology · doi:10.1016/s0169-7722(01)00168-1 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Atagana, H. I., Haynes, R. J., & Wallis, F. M. (2003) · Biodegradation · doi:10.1023/a:1024730722751 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Normal histology of the nasal cavity and application of special techniques.
URAIH, L. C., & Maronpot, R. R. (1990) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.85-1568325 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Scientific Concepts, Value, and Significance of Chemical Carcinogenesis Studies
Huff, J. E., HASEMAN, J., & Rall, D. P. (1991) · The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev.pa.31.040191.003201 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Characteristic Aroma Components of British Farmhouse Cheddar Cheese
Suriyaphan, O., Drake, M. A., Chen, X. Q., & Cadwallader, K. R. (2001) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf001121l · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Jay, K., & Stieglitz, L. (1995) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/0045-6535(95)00021-y · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Statistics for Environmental Biology and Toxicology
(1998) · Technometrics · doi:10.1080/00401706.1998.10485543 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Thompson, D. C., Perera, K., & London, R. E. (1995) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/tx00043a007 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Normal Histology of the Nasal Cavity and Application of Special Techniques
URAIH, L. C., & Maronpot, R. R. (1990) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.2307/3430683 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Biotransformation enzymes in the rodent nasal mucosa: the value of a histochemical approach.
Bogdanffy, M. S. (1990) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.85-1568341 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Biotransformation Enzymes in the Rodent Nasal Mucosa: The Value of a Histochemical Approach
Bogdanffy, M. S. (1990) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.2307/3430682 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Carcinogenicity of a Nephrotoxic Metabolite of the “Nongenotoxic” Carcinogen Hydroquinone
Lau, S. S., Monks, T. J., Everitt, J. I., et al. (2000) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/tx000161g · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Guillén, M. D., Errecalde, M. C., Salmerón, J., et al. (2005) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.01.014 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Williams, R. T. (1938) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj0320878 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Nielsen, P. H., Albrechtsen, H., Heron, G., & Christensen, T. H. (1995) · Journal of Contaminant Hydrology · doi:10.1016/0169-7722(95)00025-q · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Pharmacokinetics of Wood Creosote: Glucuronic Acid and Sulfate Conjugation of Phenolic Compounds
Ogata, N., Matsushima, N., & Shibata, T. (2008) · Pharmacology · doi:10.1159/000139335 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Yan, Z., Zhong, H. M., Maher, N., Torres, R., Leo, G. C., Caldwell, G. W., & Huebert, N. (2005) · Drug Metabolism and Disposition · doi:10.1124/dmd.105.006387 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Metabolism of derivatives of toluene. 4. Cresols
Bray, H. G., Thorpe, W. V., & White, K. (1950) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj0460275 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Experimental exposure to toluene: further consideration of cresol formation in man.
Woiwode, W., & Drysch, K. (1981) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oem.38.2.194 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Isolation and identification of volatile flavor compounds in fried bacon
Ho, C. T., Lee, K. N., & Jin, Q. Z. (1983) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf00116a038 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Morville, S., Scheyer, A., Mirabel, P. J., et al. (2005) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1065/espr2005.06.264 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Seely, J. C., Haseman, J. K., Nyska, A., Wolf, D. C., Everitt, J. I., & Hailey, J. R. (2002) · Toxicologic Pathology · doi:10.1080/01926230290166779 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Propionic acid and the phenomenon of rodent forestomach tumorigenesis: A review
Harrison, P. T. C. (1992) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/0278-6915(92)90012-a · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Distribution of Conjugates of Alkylphenols in Milk from Different Ruminant Species
Kilic, M. A., & Lindsay, R. C. (2005) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)72656-4 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Toluene metabolites as biological indicators of exposure
Pierce, C. H., Chen, Y., Dills, R. L., et al. (2002) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00472-6 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Lehtonen, M. (1982) · Chromatographia · doi:10.1007/bf02258900 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Lesaffer, G., Smet, R. D., Belpaire, F. M., Vlem, B. V., Hulle, M. V., Cornelis, R., Lameire, N. H., & Vanholder, R. (2003) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfg107 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
An autopsy case of poisoning by massive absorption of cresol a short time before death
Monma-Ohtaki, J., Maeno, Y., Nagao, M., et al. (2002) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(02)00024-5 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Morinaga, Y., Fuke, C., Arao, T., et al. (2003) · Legal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2003.08.005 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Fustinoni, S., Mercadante, R., Campo, L., et al. (2005) · Journal of Chromatography B · doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.12.029 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Concentrated cresol intoxication.
Wu, M. L., Tsai, W.-J., Yang, C. C., et al. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Blümer, G., Collin, G., & Höke, H. (2011) · Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry · doi:10.1002/14356007.a26_091.pub2 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
A Household Remedy Misused—Fatal Cresol Poisoning following Cutaneous Absorption (A Case Report)
Green, M. A. (1975) · Medicine Science and the Law · doi:10.1177/002580247501500114 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Yashiki, M., Kojima, T., Miyazaki, T., et al. (1990) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/0379-0738(90)90282-4 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Identification of Ammonia and Volatile Phenols as Primary Toxicants in a Coal Gasification Effluent
Jin, H., Yang, X., Yu, H., et al. (1999) · Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s001289900994 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Dills, R. L., Bellamy, G., & Kalman, D. A. (1997) · Journal of Chromatography B Biomedical Sciences and Applications · doi:10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00407-6 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
NYa, Y., Balenko, N. V., Chernychenko, I. O., et al. (1993) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.101-1521150 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
McKnight, D. M., Pereira, W. E., Ceazan, M. L., et al. (1982) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/0146-6380(82)90011-0 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Yanysheva, N. Y., Nv, B., Chernichenko, I. A., et al. (1993) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.2307/3431749 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Bioassay of Phenol for Possible Carcinogenicity (CAS No.108-95-2).
(1980) · PubMed · Cited by 7 · see citing works
To the problem of trace elements and hydrocarbons emissions from combustion of coal.
Bezačinský, M., Pilátová, B., Jirele, et al. (1984) · PubMed · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Unbiased spectrophotometric method for estimating phenol or o-cresol in unknown water samples
Tortajada-Genaro, L. A., Campíns-Falcó, P., & Bosch-Reig, F. (2003) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-003-1914-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) 2006 Draft Toxicological Profile for Cresols http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp34.pdf 38315784
- Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (Kirk-Othmer) 2004 Alkylphenols 5th 2 203 233 John Wiley & Sons New York
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Devi, M., Moral, R., Thakuria, S., Mitra, A., & Paul, S. (2023) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.2c07684 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Use of green alternative solvents in dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction: A review
Grau, J., Azorín, C., Benedé, J. L., Chisvert, A., & Salvador, A. (2022) · Journal of Separation Science · doi:10.1002/jssc.202100609 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Pasikanti, K. K., Esuvaranathan, K., Hong, Y., Ho, P. C., Mahendran, R., Raman Nee Mani, L., Chiong, E., & Chan, E. C. Y. (2013) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/pr4000448 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sanders, J. M., Bucher, J. R., Peckham, J. C., Kissling, G. E., Hejtmancik, M. R., & Chhabra, R. S.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Battelle (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sanders, J.M.
- ORCID
- Bucher, J.R.
- Venue
- Toxicology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-03
- Volume
- 257
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 33-39
- ISSN
- 0300-483X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2826171
- OpenAlex
- W1999960746
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Toxicology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (Z99-ES999999)
- U.S. Public Health Service
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotoxicology and immune responses
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Water Treatment and Disinfection
- Keywords
- cresols, m-cresol, p-cresol, carcinogenicity, kidney disease, squamous papilloma, forestomach, weight gain, F344/N rats, B6C3F1 mice
- MeSH terms
- Adenoma, Animals, Body Weight, Carcinogens, Cresols, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Eating, Female, Gastric Mucosa, Kidney Neoplasms, Kidney Tubules, Male, Neoplasms, Papilloma, Rats, Inbred F344, Stomach Neoplasms, Time Factors, Carcinogenicity Tests, Mice, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
