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Health effects from exposure to atmospheric mineral dust near Las Vegas, NV, USA
Open accessAbstract
Desert areas are usually characterized by a continuous deposition of fine airborne particles. Over time, this process results in the accumulation of silt and clay on desert surfaces. We evaluated health effects associated with regional atmospheric dust, or geogenic dust, deposited on surfaces in the Nellis Dunes Recreation Area (NDRA) in Clark County, Nevada, a popular off-road vehicle (ORV) recreational site frequented daily by riders, families, and day campers. Because of atmospheric mixing and the mostly regional origin of the accumulated particles, the re-suspended airborne dust is composed of a complex mixture of minerals and metals including aluminum, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, arsenic, strontium, cesium, lead, uranium, and others. Geogenic dust with a median diameter of 4.1 μm was administered via oropharyngeal aspiration to female B6C3F1 mice at doses of 0.01 to 100 mg dust/kg body weight, four times, a week apart, for 28-days. Immuno- and neurotoxicological outcomes 24 h following the last exposure were evaluated. Antigen-specific IgM responses were dose-responsively suppressed at 0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/kg/day. Splenic and thymic lymphocytic subpopulations and natural killer cell activity also were significantly reduced. Antibodies against MBP, NF-68, and GFAP were not affected, while brain CD3 + T cells were decreased in number. A lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of 0.1 mg/kg/day and a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 0.01 mg/kg/day were derived based on the antigen-specific IgM responses.
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Concern exists for potential acute and/or chronic multiorgan toxicities from lunar dust exposure given known deleterious effects of terrestrial particulate matter and mineral dusts such as quartz.
“Given the known deleterious effects of exposure to terrestrial particulate matter as well as some mineral dusts such as quartz, concern exists for the potential of acute and/or chronic multiorgan toxicities10–12.”
From Overview of lunar dust toxicity risk (2022) · cites this paper as [12]
The Introduction describes health concerns from mineral dust, including quartz-containing dust, and the Conclusions report immune effects in mice after repeated exposure to terrestrial dust. The paper supports concern about toxicity beyond the lung, but it does not study lunar dust or establish acute and chronic multiorgan toxicity; its exposure period was 28 days. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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Overview of lunar dust toxicity risk
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Metadata
- Authors
- Keil, D. E., Buck, B., Goossens, D., Teng, Y., Pollard, J., McLaurin, B., Gerads, R., & DeWitt, J.
- Affiliations
- Montana State University (US)
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas (US)
- Bloomsburg University (US)
- East Carolina University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Keil, Deborah E.
- Venue
- Toxicology Reports
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016
- Volume
- 3
- Pages
- 785-795
- ISSN
- 2214-7500 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5616076
- OpenAlex
- W2521301003
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 1.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Toxicology Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Montana State University ScholarWorks (Montana State University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Lirias (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Digital Scholarship - UNLV (University of Nevada Reno) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- The Scholarship East Carolina University's Institutional Repository (East Carolina University) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- U.S. Bureau of Land Management (L11AC20058)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotoxicology and immune responses
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
- Keywords
- atmospheric mineral dust, oropharyngeal aspiration, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, lymphocyte subsets, natural killer cells, metal exposure, lowest observed adverse effect level, no-observed-adverse-effect level, dust resuspension, Las Vegas
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