The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Alzheimer's drug‐development pipeline: 2016
Open accessAbstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is growing in frequency and new therapies are urgently needed. Methods: We assessed clinicaltrials.gov (accessed 1‐4‐2016) to determine the number and characteristics of trials in phase I, phase II, and phase III for treatment of AD. Results: There are currently 24 agents in 36 trials in phase III of AD drug development. Seven of these 24 agents are symptomatic cognitive‐enhancing compounds, and 17 are disease‐modifying treatments (DMTs). Most DMTs address amyloid‐related targets (76%). There are 45 agents in phase II being assessed in 52 clinical trials. Phase II trials include 30 DMTs, with 26 small molecules and 4 immunotherapies. There are 24 agents in the first phase of AD drug development. Discussion: Amyloid is the principal target of late‐stage development programs. There are relatively few agents in clinical trials for AD suggesting a need to amplify the drug discovery ecosystem.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A number of additional pathogenic mechanisms have been described, possibly overlapping with Aβ plaques and NFT formation or induced by them, including inflammation, oxidative damage, iron deregulation, and cholesterol metabolism blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction or α-synuclein toxicity.9-13”
From Current and Future Treatments in Alzheimer Disease: An Update (2020) · cites this paper as [11]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
2016 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
Alzheimer's Association (2016) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2016.03.001 · Cited by 5,069
Two Phase 3 Trials of Bapineuzumab in Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease
Salloway, S., Sperling, R., Fox, N. C., Blennow, K., Klunk, W., Raskind, M., Sabbagh, M., Honig, L. S., Porsteinsson, A. P., Ferris, S., et al. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1304839 · Cited by 1,960 · cited 2×
“Monoclonal antibody approaches have instituted two major changes in drug development based on experiences with the failure of bapineuzumab: (1) patient populations with more mild disease are now the focus of trials [12]; (2) amyloid imaging or CSFAb measures are performed at baseline to insure that patients have the t…”
BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease drug-development pipeline: Few candidates, frequent failures
Cummings, J. L., Morstorf, T., & Zhong, K. (2014) · Alzheimer's Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/alzrt269 · Cited by 1,744
Self-citation2015 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
Alzheimer's Association (2015) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2015.02.003 · Cited by 1,684
Phase 3 Trials of Solanezumab for Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease
Doody, R. S., Thomas, R. G., Farlow, M., Iwatsubo, T., Vellas, B., Joffe, S., Kieburtz, K., Raman, R., Sun, X., Aisen, P. S., et al. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1312889 · Cited by 1,668 · cited 1×
“Monoclonal antibody approaches have instituted two major changes in drug development based on experiences with the failure of bapineuzumab: (1) patient populations with more mild disease are now the focus of trials [12]; (2) amyloid imaging or CSFAb measures are performed at baseline to insure that patients have the t…”
BackgroundLessons learned from the fate of AstraZeneca's drug pipeline: a five-dimensional framework
Cook, D., Brown, D., Alexander, R., March, R., Morgan, P., Satterthwaite, G., & Pangalos, M. N. (2014) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd4309 · Cited by 1,344 · cited 1×
“Demonstration of target engagement early in the development process makes it more likely—without proving—that clinical benefits may follow long-term therapy [16].”
BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease: Clinical trials and drug development
Mangialasche, F., Solomon, A., Winblad, B., Mecocci, P., & Kivipelto, M. (2010) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(10)70119-8 · Cited by 1,217 · cited 2×
“[9] and can be used to compare changes over a 6-year period.”
PET Imaging of Tau Deposition in the Aging Human Brain
Schöll, M., Lockhart, S. N., Schonhaut, D. R., O’Neil, J. P., Janabi, M., Ossenkoppele, R., Baker, S. L., Vogel, J. W., Faria, J., Schwimmer, H. D., et al. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.01.028 · Cited by 1,214
Tau PET patterns mirror clinical and neuroanatomical variability in Alzheimer’s disease
Ossenkoppele, R., Schonhaut, D. R., Schöll, M., Lockhart, S. N., Ayakta, N., Baker, S. L., O’Neil, J. P., Janabi, M., Lazaris, A., Cantwell, A., et al. (2016) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aww027 · Cited by 1,185 · cited 1×
“The availability of tau imaging and the consistent relationships shown between tau signals on imaging and the clinical state of the individual indicate that tau is an important target for drug development and that tau imaging may serve as a useful biomarker to help guide drug development [17–20].”
BackgroundTau and Aβ imaging, CSF measures, and cognition in Alzheimer’s disease
Brier, M. R., Gordon, B., Friedrichsen, K., McCarthy, J., Stern, A., Christensen, J., Owen, C., Aldea, P., Su, Y., Hassenstab, J., et al. (2016) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf2362 · Cited by 734
Lombardo, I., Ramaswamy, G., Piscitelli, S. C., & Friedhoff, L. T. (2015) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2015.08.154 · Cited by 656
Epidemiology of Dementias and Alzheimer’s Disease
Sosa, A. L., Acosta, I., & Prince, M. J. (2012) · Archives of Medical Research · doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2012.11.003 · Cited by 582 · cited 1×
“15 million in the United States and over 100 million globally by 2050 if treatments are not found [1,2].”
BackgroundHughes, B. (2009) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd2813 · Cited by 195
Gordon, B. A., Friedrichsen, K., Brier, M., Blazey, T., Su, Y., Christensen, J., Aldea, P., McConathy, J., Holtzman, D. M., Cairns, N. J., et al. (2016) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aww139 · Cited by 184
Tasneem, A., Aberle, L. H., Ananth, H., Chakraborty, S., Chiswell, K., McCourt, B. J., & Pietrobon, R. S. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033677 · Cited by 176
β-secretase inhibitor; a promising novel therapeutic drug in Alzheimer’s disease
Menting, K. W., & Claassen, J. A. H. R. (2014) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2014.00165 · Cited by 144 · cited 1×
“BACE inhibitors have included measures of CSF Ab to demonstrate target engagement and show that the putative goal of reduction is being achieved [15].”
BackgroundAmyloid PET Screening for Enrichment of Early-Stage Alzheimer Disease Clinical Trials
Sevigny, J., Suhy, J., Chiao, P., Chen, T., Klein, G., Purcell, D. D., Oh, J., Verma, A., Sampat, M. P., & Barakos, J. A. (2016) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/wad.0000000000000144 · Cited by 115 · cited 2×
“Monoclonal antibody approaches have instituted two major changes in drug development based on experiences with the failure of bapineuzumab: (1) patient populations with more mild disease are now the focus of trials [12]; (2) amyloid imaging or CSFAb measures are performed at baseline to insure that patients have the t…”
BackgroundMullard, A. (2016) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd.2016.15 · Cited by 94
A Review: Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease Discovered in Repurposed Agents
Appleby, B. S., Nacopoulos, D. A., Milano, N. J., Zhong, K., & Cummings, J. L. (2013) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000345791 · Cited by 90 · cited 1×
“A few repurposed agents can enter at phase II or phase III, but these agents generally have limited patent lives or limited intellectual property opportunities and do not comprise a major source of new candidate compounds [8].”
BackgroundSelf-citationInvestigational drugs in Alzheimer's disease: current progress
Berk, C., Paul, G., & Sabbagh, M. N. (2014) · Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs · doi:10.1517/13543784.2014.905542 · Cited by 68 · cited 1×
“Disease-modifying therapies (DMT) were divided into those that targeted amyloidrelated targets, those that aimed at modifying tau-related mechanisms and those with “other” mechanisms such as neuroprotection or metabolic effects [5].”
BackgroundBuilding a roadmap for developing combination therapies for Alzheimer’s disease
Perry, D. P., Sperling, R. A., Katz, R. G., Berry, D. A., Dilts, D. M., Hanna, D. L., Salloway, S., Trojanowski, J. Q., Bountra, C., Krams, M., et al. (2015) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/14737175.2015.996551 · Cited by 53 · cited 1×
“There is increasing recognition that combination therapies may be warranted to address the complex biology of AD [21].”
BackgroundWiendl, H., Elger, C. E., Förstl, H., Hartung, H., Oertel, W. H., Reichmann, H., & Schwab, S. (2015) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-015-0348-8 · Cited by 32
Controversies in Alzheimer's disease drug development
Cummings, J. L. (2008) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540260802094548 · Cited by 26 · cited 1×
“The definitions of disease-modification and neuroprotection are controversial and evolving [6,7]; the terminology is used here to conveniently classify the types of mechanisms for agents in current AD drug-development programs.”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 25 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development, 2013, Impact Report, 1
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Current and Future Treatments in Alzheimer Disease: An Update
Yiannopoulou, K. G., & Papageorgiou, S. G. (2020) · Journal of Central Nervous System Disease · doi:10.1177/1179573520907397 · Cited by 966
Alzheimer's disease drug development pipeline: 2019
Cummings, J., Lee, G., Ritter, A., Sabbagh, M., & Zhong, K. (2019) · Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.trci.2019.05.008 · Cited by 762
Self-citationAlzheimer's disease drug development pipeline: 2018
Cummings, J., Lee, G., Ritter, A., & Zhong, K. (2018) · Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.trci.2018.03.009 · Cited by 697
Self-citationAlzheimer’s disease drug development pipeline: 2022
Cummings, J., Lee, G., Nahed, P., Kambar, M. E. Z. N., Zhong, K., Fonseca, J., & Taghva, K. (2022) · Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions · doi:10.1002/trc2.12295 · Cited by 665
Alzheimer’s disease drug development pipeline: 2020
Cummings, J., Lee, G., Ritter, A., Sabbagh, M., & Zhong, K. (2020) · Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions · doi:10.1002/trc2.12050 · Cited by 557
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Cummings, J., Morstorf, T., & Lee, G.
- Affiliations
- Cleveland Clinic (US)
- Touro University Nevada (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cummings, Jeffrey
- Venue
- Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-08-18
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 222-232
- ISSN
- 2352-8737 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5651348
- OpenAlex
- W2517281879
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 14.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Alzheimer s & Dementia Translational Research & Clinical Interventions (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Avid Pharmaceuticals
- Teva Pharmaceuticals
- CogState
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, drug development pipeline, clinical trials, disease-modifying therapy, amyloid, immunotherapy, small molecules
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review