Protection of the Smart City against CME
Open accessAbstract
Today life in many cities strongly depends on electricity. In many articles we can find designs of smart, clean and beautiful modern cities. All aspects of activity in cities are based on the use of control and supply systems. All of them use electricity as control signals and as power. A big but underconsidered problem is reliability of city substructures against Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) from the Sun. These events may damage elements of basic importance for life of people in cities. The article suggests some kinds of protection for the city substructures against CME.
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Cites
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Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A Carrington-type geomagnetic storm reaches Earth in under 18 hours.
“A Carrington-type geomagnetic storm reaches earth in under 18 h [155,160,165].”
From Energy system resilience – A review (2021) · cites this paper as [165]
Cites
Observations of an extreme storm in interplanetary space caused by successive coronal mass ejections
Liu, Y. D., Luhmann, J. G., Kajdič, P., Kilpua, E. K. J., Lugaz, N., Nitta, N. V., Möstl, C., Lavraud, B., Bale, S. D., Farrugia, C. J., et al. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms4481 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
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Energy system resilience – A review
Jasiūnas, J., Lund, P. D., & Mikkola, J. (2021) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.111476 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
“netic storm reaches earth in under 18 h [155,160,165].”
Background
- Authors
- Lewandowski, K.
- Affiliations
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Lewandowski, Krzysztof
- Venue
- Transportation Research Procedia
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016
- Volume
- 16
- Pages
- 298-312
- ISSN
- 2352-1457 (ISSN-L)
- 2352-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2551321483
- Cited by
- 4
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 0.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Transportation research procedia (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Smart Grid Security and Resilience
- Keywords
- coronal mass ejections, smart cities, geomagnetic storms, power system protection, critical infrastructure reliability, electrical power supply
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