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Effects of sonochemical parameters and inorganic ions during the sonochemical degradation of crystal violet in water
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This work deals with the ultrasonic degradation (800 kHz) of crystal violet (CV) under different experimental conditions. The effects of saturating gas (argon, carbon dioxide and air), CV concentration (2.45-1225 μmol L(-1)), pH (3-9) and power (20-80 W) were evaluated. The best performances were obtained at 80 W with argon as a saturating gas. The pH had no significant effect. The influence of several water matrices containing anions (chloride, sulphate and bicarbonate) and cations (Fe(2+)) on the sonolytic degradation of CV was also investigated. Significant differences were not observed with the presence of chloride and sulphate. However, at relatively low pollutant concentration (2.45 μmol L(-1)) bicarbonate showed a particular effect: a high bicarbonate concentration (350 mmol L(-1)) produced a detrimental effect, while a low bicarbonate concentration (3 mmol L(-1)) increased the efficiency of the process. The presence of Fe(2+) (1 mmol L(-1)) also increased the CV (49 μmol L(-1)) degradation by 32% after 180 min. Analyses of intermediates by GC-MS led to the identification of several sonochemical by-products: N,N-dimethylaminobenzene, 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)-4'-(N',N'-dimethylamino)benzophenone, and N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane. The presence of these aromatic structures showed that the main ultrasonic CV degradation pathway is linked to the reaction with *OH radicals. At the end of the treatment, these early products were converted into biodegradable organic by-products which could be easily treated in a subsequent biological treatment.
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“A similar effect is reported for pollutants such as coomassie brilliant blue, crystal violet, penicillinic antibiotics, propyl paraben, ethyl paraben, neonicotinoid, etc. [103,124-127].”
From Advanced Oxidation Processes for Degradation of Water Pollutants—Ambivalent Impact of Carbonate Species: A Review (2023) · cites this paper as [124]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Guzman-Duque, F., Pétrier, C., Pulgarin, C., Peñuela, G., & Torres-Palma, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Université Joseph Fourier (FR)
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH)
- Universidad de Antioquia (CO)
- Corresponding author
- Torres-Palma, Ricardo A.
- Venue
- Ultrasonics Sonochemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-01
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 440-446
- ISSN
- 1350-4177 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2141583255
- Cited by
- 124
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- infoscience.epfl.ch
- Licence
- Locations
- Ultrasonics Sonochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Mr. Guzman-Duque
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Acoustics and Ultrasonics › Ultrasound and Cavitation Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Advanced oxidation water treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Microbial Inactivation Methods
- Keywords
- crystal violet, sonochemical degradation, sonolysis, bicarbonate, chloride, sulfate, iron(II) ions, hydroxyl radicals, degradation intermediates, dye degradation, wastewater treatment, reaction pathways
- MeSH terms
- Bicarbonates, Chlorides, Crystallization, Ferrous Compounds, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Ions, Sulfates, Ultrasonics, Water, Viola
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