Prevalence of HBsAg mutants and impact of hepatitis B infant immunisation in four Pacific Island countries

Basuni, Ashraf A.; Butterworth, Lesley; Cooksley, G.; Locarnini, S.; Carman, W.F.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.01.046

Cited by 60Hepatitis B Virus StudiesIntramuscular injections and effectsHepatitis C virus research

Prevalence of HBsAg mutants and impact of hepatitis B infant immunisation in four Pacific Island countries

Basuni, Ashraf A., Butterworth, Lesley, Cooksley, G., Locarnini, S., Carman, W.F.·2004·Vaccine

DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.01.046

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Abstract

The prevalence rate of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Pacific Island countries is amongst the highest in the world. Hepatitis B immunisation has been incorporated into national programmes at various times, often with erratic supply and coverage, until a regionally co-ordinated programme, which commenced in 1995 ensured adequate supply. The effectiveness of these programmes was recently evaluated in four countries, Vanuatu and Fiji in Melanesia, Tonga in Polynesia and Kiribati in Micronesia. That evaluation established that the programmes had a substantial beneficial impact in preventing chronic hepatitis B infection [Vaccine 18 (2000) 3059]. Several studies of hepatitis B vaccination programmes in endemic countries have identified the potential significance of surface gene mutants as a cause for failure of immunisation. In the study outlined in this paper, we screened infected children and their mothers for the emergence and prevalence of these variants in specimens collected from the four country evaluation. Although the opportunity for the emergence of HBV vaccine escape mutants in these populations was high due to the presence of a considerable amount of the virus in the population and the selection pressure from vaccine use, there were no "a" determinant vaccine escape mutants found. This suggests that vaccine escape variants are not an important cause for failure to prevent HBV transmission in this setting. Other HBsAg variants were detected, but their functional significance remains to be determined. The failure to provide satisfactory protection during such immunisation programmes reflects the need for achieving and sustaining high vaccine coverage, improving the timeliness of doses as well as improving 'cold-chain' support, rather than the selection of vaccine-escape mutants of HBV.

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The reduction in hepatitis B prevalence may have contributed to declining cirrhosis mortality in China.
“This may in part be related to a reduction in hepatitis B prevalence from 9.8% in 1992 to 7.2% in 2006 [57,58].”
From Liver cirrhosis mortality in 187 countries between 1980 and 2010: a systematic analysis (2014) · cites this paper as [58]
Hepatitis B prevalence in China decreased from 9.8% in 1992 to 7.2% in 2006.
“This may in part be related to a reduction in hepatitis B prevalence from 9.8% in 1992 to 7.2% in 2006 [57,58].”
From Liver cirrhosis mortality in 187 countries between 1980 and 2010: a systematic analysis (2014) · cites this paper as [58]

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Authors: Basuni, A. A., Butterworth, L., Cooksley, G., Locarnini, S., & Carman, W. F.
Affiliations: Gartnavel General Hospital (GB)
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (AU)
Corresponding author: Carman, W.F.
ORCID: Locarnini, S.
Venue: Vaccine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2004-07
Volume: 22
Issue: 21-22
Pages: 2791-2799
ISSN: 0264-410X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.01.046
OpenAlex: W2066212295
Cited by: 60
References: 49
Citations by year: 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 2.65
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Vaccine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Hepatitis B Virus Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Intramuscular injections and effects
Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Hepatitis C virus research
Keywords: hepatitis B virus, HBsAg mutants, vaccine escape mutants, hepatitis B vaccination, vaccine failure, Pacific Island countries, Vanuatu, Fiji, Tonga, Kiribati, vaccination coverage, cold chain
MeSH terms: Adult, Child, Preschool, DNA, Viral, Female, Gene Frequency, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis B Antibodies, Hepatitis B Surface Antigens, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Mutation, Pacific Islands, Risk Factors, Treatment Failure, Hepatitis B Vaccines, Immunization Programs, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

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Prevalence of HBsAg mutants and impact of hepatitis B infant immunisation in four Pacific Island countries

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