Vaccine hesitancy educational tools for healthcare providers and trainees: A scoping review
Open accessAbstract
In the era of vaccine hesitancy, highlighted by the current SARS-CoV2 pandemic, there is an acute need to develop an approach to reduce and address apprehension towards vaccinations. We sought to map and present an overview of existing educational interventions for healthcare providers (HCPs) on strategies to engage in effective vaccine discussion. We applied the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology framework in this scoping review. We searched five relevant databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycInfo, and SCOPUS) and grey literature through the Google search engine using keywords and subject headings that were systematically identified. We identified 3384 citations in peer-reviewed literature and 41 citations in grey literature. After screening for our inclusion criteria, we included 28 citations from peer reviewed literature and 16 citations from grey literature for analysis. We identified a total of 41 unique education interventions. Interventions were available from multiple disciplines, training levels, clinical settings, and diseases/vaccines. Interventions predominantly centered around two foci: knowledge sharing and communication training. Most interventions identified from peer-reviewed literature were facilitated and were applied with multiple modes of delivery. Interventions from grey literature were more topical and generally self-directed. We identified several gaps in knowledge. Firstly, accessibility and generalizability of interventions was limited. Secondly, distribution of interventions did not adequately address nursing and pharmacy disciplines, and did not cover the breadth of medical specialties for whom vaccine discussions apply. Thirdly, no interventions addressed self monitoring and the clinicians' recognition and management of emotions during difficult conversations. There is a need to address this gap and provide available, credible and comprehensive educational interventions that will support our healthcare providers in effective communication with vaccine hesitant patients.
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Existing educational interventions for healthcare providers on vaccine conversations are not easily accessible, are targeted towards medical learners, and are not inclusive of nurses and pharmacists.
“The review identified that current interventions are not easily accessible, are targeted towards medical learners (e.g., medical students, residents, physicians, etc.) and are not inclusive of other professionals that also play a key role in immunization distribution and uptake, such as nurses and pharmacists.”
From Development and evaluation of virtual simulation games to increase the confidence and self-efficacy of healthcare learners in vaccine communication, advocacy, and promotion (2024) · cites this paper as [14]
The Discussion (Gaps in knowledge; page unavailable) says accessibility was limited and interventions disproportionately targeted medical providers. The Results (Context Summary; page unavailable) also identifies nursing- and pharmacy-specific interventions, though they were much less common. Thus, the claim that these professions were not included overstates the review's finding. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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- Authors
- Lip, A., Pateman, M., Fullerton, M. M., Chen, H. M., Bailey, L., Houle, S., Davidson, S., & Constantinescu, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- University of Calgary (CA)
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- University of Waterloo (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Lip, A.
- Venue
- Vaccine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-01
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 23-35
- ISSN
- 0264-410X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9688224
- OpenAlex
- W4309971344
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 7
- FWCI
- 1.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Vaccine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Patient-Provider Communication in Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
- Keywords
- vaccine hesitancy, health professions education, educational intervention, vaccine communication, clinician-patient communication, medical trainees, pharmacy, COVID-19 vaccination, difficult conversations
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccination Hesitancy, Health Personnel, Humans, RNA, Viral, Vaccines
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