Prevalence and risk factors of Giardia duodenalis in dogs from Romania
Abstract
The protozoan Giardia duodenalis is a mammalian-infecting parasite that produces diarrhoea and malabsorption in its hosts. A survey to investigate canine infections with G. duodenalis in Romania was undertaken between June 2008 and December 2009. The objectives of the study were to (i) estimate the prevalence of infection in different dog populations (kennels, shelters, shepherd, household) using microscopy and a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kit; (ii) to establish the level of agreement and characteristics of the tests; and (iii) to identify risk factors for infection by multivariate logistic regression models. Faecal samples were collected from 614 dogs aged from 1 month to 16 years (mean ± SD=2.88 ± 2.86 years). Each sample was tested for the presence of cysts using a flotation method with saturated sodium chloride solution and 416 out of 614 stool samples were further examined for the presence of G. duodenalis specific antigens using Giardia Microwell ELISA (SafePath™ Laboratories). Giardia cysts were identified in 8.5% of total dogs (52/614) and statistical significantly more frequently in dogs living in communities. The cysts prevalence according with dog populations was as follows: 7.2%(9/125) in kennel dogs; 16.5%(27/164 in shelter dogs; 4.3%(2/46) in shepherd dogs; 4.8%(4/84) in household dogs from urban areas; and 5.1%(10/195) in household dogs from rural areas. The overall prevalence of Giardia infection by ELISA was 34.6% (144/416). The prevalence was significantly higher in kennel dogs (50%; 13/26), shelter dogs (47.7%; 74/155) and shepherd dogs (40.5%; 17/42) than in household dogs from urban areas (34.1%; 15/44) and household dogs from rural areas (16.8%; 25/149). It was noticed poor agreement between microscopy and ELISA (k=0.19). The microscopy performed best, with an Youden Index of 0.74, a Se of 73.68% and a Sp of 100%. ELISA had 100% Sp, but only 19.44% Se. Young dogs (up to 12 months age) and living in communities were identified as risk factors for infection by multivariate logistic regression analysis. 71.2% (37/52) Giardia cysts positive dogs presented co-infections with other intestinal parasites: Toxocara canis (14/52; 26.9%), Isospora ohioensis (12/52; 23.1%), Ancylostoma caninum (9/52; 17.3%), Uncinaria stenocephala (7/52; 13.5%), Trichocephalus vulpis (6/52; 11.5%), Hammondia heydorni/Neospora caninum (5/52; 9.6%), Sarcocystis spp. (5/52; 9.6%), Isospora canis (4/52; 7.7%), Capillaria aerophila (3/52; 5.8%), Strongyloides stercoralis (2/52; 93.8%), Dipylidium caninum (1/52; 1.9%) and Toxascaris leonina (1/52; 1.9%).
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The prevalence of G. duodenalis in examined dogs (5%) is lower than that recently observed in other shelters and kennels in Europe (about 7-16%), including Italy.
“Concerning intestinal protozoa, in examined dogs G. duodenalis was identified with a prevalence (5%) lower than that recently observed in other shelters and kennels in Europe (about 7-16%), including Italy [25,28,31,44,49,53].”
From <i>Leishmania infantum</i>, <i>Dirofilaria</i> spp. and other endoparasite infections in kennel dogs in central Italy (2018) · cites this paper as [25]
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Intestinal and lung parasites in owned dogs and cats from central Italy
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- Authors
- Mircean, V., Györke, A., & Cozma, V.
- Affiliations
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca (RO)
- Corresponding author
- Györke, Adriana
- Venue
- Veterinary Parasitology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-03
- Volume
- 184
- Issue
- 2-4
- Pages
- 325-329
- ISSN
- 0304-4017 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2059400734
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Veterinary Parasitology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Education, Research, Youth and Sport from Romania (PNII PC 51-034, 52-177)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Helminth infection and control
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Veterinary medicine and infectious diseases
- Keywords
- Giardia lamblia, canine giardiasis, dogs, prevalence, risk factors, Giardia cysts, kennel dogs, shelter dogs, shepherd dogs, pet dogs, Romania
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Dog Diseases, Dogs, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Feces, Female, Giardiasis, Male, Risk Factors, Romania, Reproducibility of Results, Prevalence, Logistic Models, Giardia lamblia
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