The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The time course of visual processing: Backward masking and natural scene categorisation
Open accessAbstract
Human observers are very good at deciding whether briefly flashed novel images contain an animal and previous work has shown that the underlying visual processing can be performed in under 150 ms. Here we used a masking paradigm to determine how information accumulates over time during such high-level categorisation tasks. As the delay between test image and mask is increased, both behavioural accuracy and differential ERP amplitude rapidly increase to reach asymptotic levels around 40-60 ms. Such results imply that processing at each stage in the visual system is remarkably rapid, with information accumulating almost continuously following the onset of activation.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A well established experiment is an animal- vs. non-animal-recognition task (30-34).”
From A feedforward architecture accounts for rapid categorization (2007) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“Thus, a natural paradigm for comparing the performance of human observers in an object-recognition task to that of a feedforward model of visual processing is ultra rapid categorization, a task for which back projections are likely to be inactive (30, 31).”
From A feedforward architecture accounts for rapid categorization (2007) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“It was found (31) that increasing the SOA on a similar animalvs. non-animalcategorization task above 44 ms only has a minor effect on performance (accuracy scores for longer SOA conditions were not significantly different).”
From A feedforward architecture accounts for rapid categorization (2007) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“The accuracy of the human observers is well within the range of data previously obtained with go/no-go tasks on similar tasks (30, 31, 33).”
From A feedforward architecture accounts for rapid categorization (2007) · cites this paper as [31]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Handbook of brain theory and neural networks
(1996) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.33-4484 · Cited by 3,913
Speed of processing in the human visual system
Thorpe, S., Fize, D., & Marlot, C. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/381520a0 · Cited by 3,538
Self-citationTowards a cognitive neuroscience of consciousness: basic evidence and a workspace framework
Dehaene, S. (2001) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0010-0277(00)00123-2 · Cited by 2,498 · cited 2×
“Nevertheless, there are reports of a correlation between the ability to detect or to name objects and the activation in occipital regions (Dehaene & Naccache, 2001; Grill-Spector, Kushnir, Hendler, & Malach, 2000; Vanni, Revonsuo, Saarinen, & Hari, 1996).”
BackgroundThe distinct modes of vision offered by feedforward and recurrent processing
Lamme, V. A. F., & Roelfsema, P. R. (2000) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01657-x · Cited by 2,338 · cited 1×
“Moreover, subjects often reported that they released the button without explicit understanding of the photograph, which is in accordance with the common idea that feedback processing may be crucial for conscious image perception (Bullier, 2001; Lamme & Roelfsema, 2000; Pascual-Leone & Walsh, 2001).”
ResultObject-related activity revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging in human occipital cortex.
Malach, R., Reppas, J. B., Benson, R. R., Kwong, K. K., Jiang, H., Kennedy, W. A., Ledden, P. J., Brady, T. J., Rosen, B. R., & Tootell, R. B. H. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.18.8135 · Cited by 1,761
The Handbook of brain theory and neural networks
(2003) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.41-0300 · Cited by 1,540
On the time relations of mental processes: An examination of systems of processes in cascade.
McClelland, J. L. (1979) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.86.4.287 · Cited by 1,298
A relationship between behavioral choice and the visual responses of neurons in macaque MT
Britten, K. H., Newsome, W. T., Shadlen, M. N., Celebrini, S., & Movshon, J. A. (1996) · Visual Neuroscience · doi:10.1017/s095252380000715x · Cited by 1,049
Activity changes in early visual cortex reflect monkeys' percepts during binocular rivalry
Leopold, D., & Logothetis, N. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/379549a0 · Cited by 961
Striate cortex of monkey and cat: contrast response function.
Albrecht, D. G., & Hamilton, D. B. (1982) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1982.48.1.217 · Cited by 953
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–236 of 236
Extreme Synergy in a Retinal Code: Spatiotemporal Correlations Enable Rapid Image ReconstructionPreprint
Kenyon, G. T. (2007) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.0709.1947
Shaw, L. J. (2009) · Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London)
Development of a light-emitting diode tachistoscope to investigate the mere exposure effect
Thurgood, C. (2011) · Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) · doi:10.25916/sut.26262455
Neurocognitive networks in higher-level visual perception
Postans, M. (2015) · ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)
Hemispheric Asymmetry in Nonconscious Processing
Chen, J., & Hsiao, J. H. (2013) · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
Short title: Neural basis of rapid visual categorization
Cauchoix, M., Crouzet, S. M., Fize, D., & Serre, T. (2015)
Audiovisual Integration of Natural Auditory and Visual Stimuli in the Real-World Situation
Tang, X., Gao, Y., Yang, W., Zhang, M., & Wu, J. (2012) · Advances in bioinformatics and biomedical engineering book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-2113-8.ch035
Interferences of visual masks with semantic and perceptual priming effects
Becker, N. (2018) · eDiss (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) · doi:10.53846/goediss-6986
When You Do Not Get the Whole Picture: Scene Perception After Occipital Cortex Lesions
Geuzebroek, A. C., Woutersen, K., & van den Berg, A. V. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.716273
横井, 健. (2006) · JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN · doi:10.2150/jieij.90.586
All-or-none neural mechanisms underlying face categorisation: evidence from the N170Preprint
Jin, H., Hayward, W. G., & Corballis, P. M. (2022) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/qu47m
Saint‐Aubert, L. (2012) · Thèses en ligne de l'Université Toulouse III (Université Toulouse III)
Gintautas, V., Ham, M., Kunsberg, B., Barr, S., Brumby, S. P., Rasmussen, C., George, J. S., Nemenman, I. M., Bettencourt, L. M. A., & Kenyon, G. T. (2011) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/annotation/35890214-d064-4b76-8bfc-5ac1ab07c8b8
Modelling the impact of single vs. dual presentation on visual discrimination across resolutions
French, L. A., Tangen, J. M., & Sewell, D. K. (2024) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1177/17470218241255670
Learning and cognition in highspeed decision makingPreprint
Krause, M., Schulze, W., & Schuster, S. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.99634
Learning and cognition in highspeed decision makingPreprint
Krause, M., Schulze, W., & Schuster, S. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.99634.2
The role of scene context in object recognition: Timing and mechanisms
Gao, M., Drewes, J., & Zhu, W. (2025) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/jov.25.10.4
Population responses in V1 encodes stimulus visibility in backward masking
Dennis, I., Edelman-Klapper, H., Gadi-Raveh, G., Bar-Shira, O., Margalit, S. N., & Slovin, H. (2025) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2025.113814
Khaligh‐Razavi, S., Sadeghi, M., Khanbagi, M., Kalafatis, C., & Nabavi, S. M. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12324794
Task modulation of visual category selectivity at physical and conceptual levels: An ERP study
Linnert, S., Reid, V. M., & Westermann, G. (2026) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2026.106406
Particle Source Identification, Part 2: Assemblages
Crutcher, R., & Crutcher, H. (2025) · The Microscope · doi:10.59082/wdwk6701
Li, R., Liu, Z., Yan, S., Zhang, L., Zhang, R., Chen, M., Hu, Y., & Shi, L. (2026) · International Journal of Neural Systems · doi:10.1142/s0129065726500358 · Cited by 2
Roux-Sibilon, A. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/c687f5caz1eabz4b18zaf72z1b6a3e898d78
Leroy, A. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/328c0064z0455z4105zbdc7zc458da26cd0c
Perception of visual noise patterns depends on correlations produced in V1: A simulation study
Nie, S., Montoya, S. A., Schallmo, M., & Engel, S. A. (2026) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/jov.26.10.10
Estimating stimulus-processing time via position slopes in visual search
Michaelsen, T., Janczyk, M., & Liesefeld, H. R. (2026) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-026-03325-5
Time 2 : A Framework for the Neural Dynamics of Visual Perception
Caplette, L., & Gosselin, F. (2026) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2163-25.2026
HOW MANIPULABILITY (GRASPABILITY AND FUNCTIONAL USAGE) INFLUENCES OBJECT IDENTIFICATION
Salmon, J. P. (2013) · DalSpace (Dalhousie University)
Metadata
- Authors
- Bacon-Macé, N., Macé, M. J.-M., Fabre-Thorpe, M., & Thorpe, S. J.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Bacon-Macé, Nadège
- Venue
- Vision Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-05
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1459-1469
- ISSN
- 0042-6989 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2135566527
- Cited by
- 236
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 6.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Vision Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
- Keywords
- backward masking, event-related potentials, information accumulation, rapid visual processing, animal recognition
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Discrimination, Psychological, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Perceptual Masking, Psychophysics, Reaction Time, Sensitivity and Specificity, Visual Pathways, Visual Perception, Chi-Square Distribution, Case-Control Studies, Statistics, Nonparametric
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review