The DOI matches its Crossref record; 72 of the 72 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The development of a heat wave vulnerability index for London, United Kingdom
Open accessAbstract
The health impacts of heat waves are an emerging environmental health concern. This is especially so for large cities where there is a concentration of people and because of the urban heat island effect. Temperatures within cities can reach stressful levels during extreme temperature events. To better manage heat related health risks, information is required on the intra-urban variability of vulnerability to heat wave events. Accordingly a heat vulnerability index (HVI) is developed and presented for Greater London in the United Kingdom. The approach to HVI development adopted is an inductive one whereby nine proxy measures of heat risk are extracted from the 2001 London census for 4765 census districts and subject to principal components analysis. Scores for the emergent principal components are weighted according to the variance they explain and summed to form the HVI. Although mapping of the HVI shows what appears to be a heterogeneous heat “risk-scape” statistical testing reveals significant spatial clustering of areas of high heat vulnerability in central and east London which also co-occur with areas of potentially high heat exposure. Drivers of the spatial pattern of heat vulnerability are discussed as are the implications of study results for heat risk management in large cities.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Discovering Statistics Using SPSS
Field, A. P., & Miles, J. N. V. (2000) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 28,265
Jolliffe, I. (2005) · Encyclopedia of Statistics in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1002/0470013192.bsa501 · Cited by 14,310
Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
Parry, M. L., Canziani, O. F., Palutikof, J. P., van der Linden, P., & Hanson, C. (2007) · Centre for Environmental Data Analysis Digital Repository (Centre for Environmental Data Analysis) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.7356334 · Cited by 9,136
Social Vulnerability to Environmental Hazards*
Cutter, S. L., Boruff, B. J., & Shirley, W. L. (2003) · Social Science Quarterly · doi:10.1111/1540-6237.8402002 · Cited by 5,702
Local Spatial Autocorrelation Statistics: Distributional Issues and an Application
Ord, J. K., & Getis, A. (1995) · Geographical Analysis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00912.x · Cited by 3,650
Parry, M. L., Canziani, O. F., de Strihou, J.-P. V. Y., & Palutikof, J. P. (2007) · Cited by 2,783
City size and the urban heat island
Oke, T. R. (1973) · Atmospheric Environment (1967) · doi:10.1016/0004-6981(73)90140-6 · Cited by 2,535
Death toll exceeded 70,000 in Europe during the summer of 2003
Robine, J.-M., Cheung, S. L. K., Le Roy, S., Van Oyen, H., Griffiths, C., Michel, J.-P., & Herrmann, F. R. (2007) · Comptes Rendus. Biologies · doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2007.12.001 · Cited by 2,127 · cited 1×
“Recent heat wave events, in particular the 2003 European event with up to 80,000 victims (Robine et al., 2008) and the 2010 Russian event with an estimated 54,000 fatalities (Revich, 2011) have highlighted this problem across the European continent (Kosatsky, 2005).”
BackgroundHeat-Related Deaths during the July 1995 Heat Wave in Chicago
Semenza, J. C., Rubin, C. H., Falter, K. H., Selanikio, J. D., Flanders, W. D., Howe, H. L., & Wilhelm, J. L. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199607113350203 · Cited by 1,376
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Blättner, 2009, Wohngebiete mit hitzeabhängigen Gesundheitsrisiken ermitteln, Bundesgesundheitsblatt—Gesundheitsforschung—Gesundheitsschutz, 53, 75, 10.1007/s00103-009-0995-1 · doi:10.1007/s00103-009-0995-1
- Holderness, 2013, An evaluation of thermal Earth observation for characterizing urban heatwave event dynamics using the urban heat island intensity metric, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 34, 864, 10.1080/01431161.2012.714505 · doi:10.1080/01431161.2012.714505
- Kilbourne, 1982, Risk factors for heatstroke, A Case-Control Study, JAMA, 247, 3332
- MacFarlane, 1977, Daily deaths in Greater London, Population Trends, 5, 20
- Mavrogianni, 2009, Space heating demand and heatwave vulnerability: London domestic stock, Building Research & Information, 37, 583, 10.1080/09613210903162597 · doi:10.1080/09613210903162597
Cited by
The Urban Heat Island: Implications for Health in a Changing Environment
Heaviside, C., Macintyre, H., & Vardoulakis, S. (2017) · Current Environmental Health Reports · doi:10.1007/s40572-017-0150-3 · Cited by 849
Attributing human mortality during extreme heat waves to anthropogenic climate change
Mitchell, D., Heaviside, C., Vardoulakis, S., Huntingford, C., Masato, G., P Guillod, B., Frumhoff, P., Bowery, A., Wallom, D., & Allen, M. (2016) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/11/7/074006 · Cited by 439
Estoque, R. C., Ooba, M., Seposo, X. T., Togawa, T., Hijioka, Y., Takahashi, K., & Nakamura, S. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15218-8 · Cited by 346
Tapia, C., Abajo, B., Feliu, E., Mendizabal, M., Martinez, J. A., Fernández, J. G., Laburu, T., & Lejarazu, A. (2017) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.02.040 · Cited by 238
Hydro-meteorological risk assessment methods and management by nature-based solutions
Sahani, J., Kumar, P., Debele, S., Spyrou, C., Loupis, M., Aragão, L., Porcù, F., Shah, M. A. R., & Di Sabatino, S. (2019) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133936 · Cited by 154
Metadata
- Authors
- Wolf, T., & McGregor, G.
- Venue
- Weather and Climate Extremes
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-09
- Volume
- 1
- Pages
- 59-68
- ISSN
- 2212-0947 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2031317176
- Cited by
- 324
- References
- 72
- FWCI
- 6.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ (vor)
- Funders
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of Birmingham
- Department of Geography at King's College London provided PhD funding
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The development of a heat wave vulnerability index for London, United Kingdom. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.wace.2013.07.004
- The paper
- Wolf, T., & McGregor, G. (2013). The development of a heat wave vulnerability index for London, United Kingdom. Weather and Climate Extremes. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2013.07.004
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.