Chloroform in indoor swimming-pool air: Monitoring and modeling coupled with the effects of environmental conditions and occupant activities
Abstract
Human exposure to chloroform in indoor swimming pools has been recognized as a potential health concern. Although environmental monitoring is a useful technique to investigate chloroform concentrations in indoor swimming-pool air, in practice, the interpretations of measured data would inevitably run into difficulties due to the complex interactions among the numerous variables, including environmental conditions and occupant activities. Considering of the relevant variables of environmental conditions and occupant activities, a mathematical model was first proposed to predict the chloroform concentration in indoor swimming-pool air. The developed model provides a straightforward, conceptually simple way to predict the indoor air chloroform concentration by calculating the mass flux, J, and the Péclet number, Pe, and by using a heuristic value of the indoor airflow recycle ratio, R. The good agreement between model simulation and measured data demonstrates the feasibility of using the presented model for indoor air quality management, operational guidelines and health-related risk assessment.
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Hsu et al. developed a mathematical model using computational fluid dynamics to predict TCM concentrations in indoor swimming-pool air.
“Hsu et al. have developed a robust mathematical model accounting for environmental conditions and occupant activities and using computational fluid dynamics to predict TCM concentrations into the indoor swimming-pool air.”
From Occurrence and Spatial and Temporal Variations of Disinfection By-Products in the Water and Air of Two Indoor Swimming Pools (2012) · cites this paper as [48]
Hsu et al.'s model requires numerous assumptions, particularly concerning indoor airflow patterns, making its use difficult.
“However, this model requires numerous assumptions, particularly concerning the description of the indoor airflow patterns, which make its use difficult.”
From Occurrence and Spatial and Temporal Variations of Disinfection By-Products in the Water and Air of Two Indoor Swimming Pools (2012) · cites this paper as [48]
Horizontal variations can occur as shown by Hsu et al.
“This latter can occur actually as shown by Hsu et al. [48].”
From Occurrence and Spatial and Temporal Variations of Disinfection By-Products in the Water and Air of Two Indoor Swimming Pools (2012) · cites this paper as [48]
Cites
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Disinfection byproducts in swimming pool: occurrences, implications and future needs
Chowdhury, S., Alhooshani, K., & Karanfil, T. (2014) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2014.01.017 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Haloacetic acids in swimming pools: swimmer and worker exposure
Cardador, M. J., & Gallego, M. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es103959d · Cited by 69 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Hsu, H. T., Chen, M. J., Lin, C. H., Chou, W. S., & Chen, J. H.
- Affiliations
- China Medical University (TW)
- Fooyin University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, M.J.
- ORCID
- Hsu, H.T.
- Venue
- Water Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 3693-3704
- ISSN
- 0043-1354 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1979628409
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Water Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Boettcher Foundation
- National Science Council
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Water Treatment and Disinfection
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Infection Control and Ventilation
- Keywords
- chloroform, indoor swimming pools, indoor air quality, human exposure, mass flux, Peclet number, occupant activities, environmental factors, health risk assessment
- MeSH terms
- Air Pollutants, Chloroform, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, Models, Chemical, Swimming, Swimming Pools, Inhalation Exposure
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